Art and Republicanism :: Government Republican Essays

Art and Republicanism ABSTRACT: Republicanism is contrasted with liberalism with special reference to the notions of presence, absence and representation. The contrast is more conspicuous in the Platonic tradition of republicanism than it is in the Aristotelian tradition, the former being more likely to degenerate into some form of totalitarianism. Examples thereof are given in accordance with the distinction between a strong and a soft iconoclasm, as it is found both in Antiquity and in Eastern and Western Europe’s quest for absolute presence or—as in avantgarde art of modernity—for absolute self-presence of the work of art. Having left such political and artistic utopias behind it, the pendulum is now swinging back in the direction of representation, but no longer in the illusionist sense which has dominated Western art form the Renaissance to the beginning of our century. Tied to the question of iconoclasm is the debate about the end of art inaugurated by Hegel in the general intro duction to his Aesthetics and resumed in our days. There are two traditions of republicanism, one predominantly Platonic and the other predominantly Aristotelian. Both have several characteristics in common which set them off apart from the tradition of liberalism, such as the paramount concern for morals in politics, or the priority of politics over economics, or the mistrust of growth and riches as well as the preference for poverty over luxury, proximity over distance and—most important from the point of view of arts—direct presence over mere representation and immediacy over mediation. Still, surely the overarching characteristic is that of giving the common good of the res publica absolute priority over private interests with consequences such as the rejecting of factions and—in the last analysis—even of political parties. But there are also differences. The most important of these is that in the Platonic as opposed to the Aristotelian tradition the issue of self-government of all citizens is, to put it mildly, not prominent. If only for this reason, the danger of sliding into totalitarianism is greater in the Platonic than in the Aristotelian tradition of republicanism. Nevertheless, one could, on the whole, say that totalitarianism is the perversion of republicanism in the same sense that anarchy is the perversion of liberalism. To realize this, one need only bear in mind that, republicanism being fundamentally suspicious of political parties as potential factions, it more naturally leads to one-party rule than liberalism does. In addition, the

The Role of the Nephron

The Roles of the Nephron of the 120 ml of blood that is filtered by the kidneys each minute, only I ml (that's less than I%) turns into urine that will eventually leave the body (after approximately 300 – 400 mis of it accumulates to fill the bladder! ) That leaves 119 ml of fluid called filtrate to be returned back to the blood stream. Good thing, otherwise you would have to micturate (pee, urinate) once every 3 minutes and drink 1 L of fluid every 10 minutes in order to maintain Homeostasis!!!The one million nephrons in each human kidney are amazingly efficient at selectively removing wastes from the blood while at the same time conserving water, salt ions, glucose and other needed materials. The nephrons accomplish this task in 3 main steps; these 3 steps are also called the 3 main roles of the nephron: Filtration, Reabsorption and Secretion. Fiftratffln Filtration is aecomplished by the movement of fluids from the blood into the Bowman's capsule. Beabsorpttort Reatuorptias wolves the selective transfer of essential solutes and water back into the blood.Secretion Secretion Involves the movement of wastes from the blood into the mphron. 1. Filtration The renal artery carries blood into the kidney (approximately 600 mis of blood enters a kidney each minute). The renal artery then branches into arterioles which then branch intoaspecialized capillaries called the glomerulus. Because of the great difference in diameter between the renal artery and the glomerul us, blood entering the glomerulus is under very high pressure. This pressure forces about 20% of the blood plasma (about 120m1 of the 600 ml) out of the glomerulus and across the membrane of Bowman's capsule.Bowman's capsule acts to â€Å"filter† or separate some of the substances that are located in blood plasma from others. This is because some substances are small enough to fit through the pores of the membrane of Bowman's capsule and some are too large and thus do not enter Bowman's capsul e with the rest of the blood plasma. Water, salt ions (sodium, potassium and choride), glucose molecules, amino acids and urea molecules are all small enough to go through the membrane pores into Bowman's capsule. Blood cells (rbc, wbc and platelets) and proteins on the other hand are too large to leave the capillaries or enter Bowman's capsule.The fluid inside of Bowman's capsule gets a name change; it is now called â€Å"filtrate† because it is blood plasma that has been filtered, This filtrate is identical to blood plasma minus the blood cells and proteins. Filtrate is said to be isotonic to blood plasma with respect to its concentration of water, salt ions, glucose, amino acids and urea. The filtrate will then proceed from Bowman's capsule through the rest of the nephron in the following order: proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule and finally the collecting tubule.From the collecting tubule, the filtrate will enter the pelvis of the kidney a nd be called urine. 2. Reabsorption Useful materials such as sugars and salt ions are reabsorbed back into the blood stream. That is, materials that could still be used by the body are sent back to the blood. Reabsorption happens as filtrate passes sequentially through the nephron. Materials re-entering the blood stream do so through the capillary network surrounding the nephrons. In short, â€Å"good† stuff is sent from the nephron back into the blood. A.Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCn: As the filtrate enters the PCT approximately 80% of the salt ions (sodium and potassium), glucose and amino acids are ACTIVELY TRANSPORTED out of the PCT and back into the blood stream by special â€Å"pumping† cells located in the walls of the PCT. The process of active transport requires energy. Energy in the form of ATP is supplied by the numerous mitochondria that are embedded in the walls of the PCT. Because of ionic attraction, negatively charged chloride ions (CI-) will flow pas sively out of the PCT as they are attracted by the positively charged sodium and potassium ions (Na+, K+).As the concentration of the above mentioned solute molecules drops inside of the PCT, water then diffuses out of the PCT and into the capillary network passively by the process of OSMOSIS. The lining of the PCT contains microvilli to increase the surface area over which this reabsorption can occur. B. Descending Loop of Henle: As the filtrate travels into the descending Loop of Henle, both sodium and potassium ions passively diffuse from the salty tissues of the surrounding medulla BACK INTO the Loop of Henle. (Although this is eabsorption of materials, the materials are not going back into the blood stream at this point). At the same time, water continues to move out of the Loop of Henle and into the capillary network by osmosis. The filtrate at this point is more concentrated (hypertonic) with respect to salt ions than it was in the PCT, both because water has been removed fro m it, and because salt ions have been again added to it. C. AscendineLoop of Henle As the filtrate proceeds up into the ascending Loop of Henle, the choride ions are actively pumped back out of the nephron.Because of ionic attraction, sodium ions then passively follow the chloride ions out of the tubule and into the tissues of the medulla. These ions only move into the medulla and not back into the blood stream. Since the ascending Loop of Henle is impermeable to water, water cannot leave this part of the nephron. Because of this, the filtrate gets more dilute again. Because the opposite happens in the ascending and descending Loops of Henle, the process is called the COUNTER CURRENT MECHANISM. The process is also known as the CHLORIDE SfUFT.D. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) As the filtrate passes through this part of the nephron, water continues to passively diffuse out of the nephron and back into the blood. Water continues to diffuse out of the DCT because the surrounding tissues of the medulla are now very salty due to so much sodium and chloride ions accumulating there. The salty tissues attract the water out of the DCT because the medulla is hypertonic with respect to salt concentration when compared with the salt concentration of the filtrate (now hypotonic).Water that enters the medulla will then diffuse back into the blood stream. Because of the continual re-absorption of water, the filtrate becomes more and more concentrated with wastes, mainly urea. The amount of water that diffuses can be regulated by a hormone called ADH. The amount of water that diffuses from the DCT back into the blood depends on the needs of the body; if the body is dehydrated, more water will go back into the blood, and less will be left in the nephron to make less urine.The opposite occurs if the body is over hydrated. E. Collectin g Tubule C The same thing that occurs in the DCT also occurs in the CT 3. Secretion Occurring at the same time as reabsorption is a process called secretion. Secretion is when a cell releases a substance to its outside†¦ in this case, non-useful and toxic substances are ACTIVELY TRANSPORTED from the blood into the nephron – usually in the regions of the distal and proximal convoluted tubules.Substances which are secreted include excess acid (H+) or base (OH-) ions, excess glucose (high glucose levels are found in diabetic urine or urine of someone who has recently consumed a large amount of sugar-this is the kidney's way of helping to ensure that the blood sugar level doesn't get too high), ammonia, and drugs (this is why urine is used from many drug tests – the breakdown of many drugs including marijuana, cocaine, heroin, sleeping pills, codeine and many other medications can be detected even in minute amounts in the urine).The process of secretion ensures that materials that are potentially harmful to the body are quickly disposed of by being â€Å"dumped† into the fluid that is about to become uri ne. Secretion happens mainly in the regions of the DCT and CT but some also occurs in the PCT. In short, secretion involves â€Å"bad† stuff being removed from the blood being sent to the urine. of the loop after chlorine. The sodium rushes The Counter Current Mechanism of the Nephron out by diffusion because of its ‘fatal attraction' to chlorine.The chlorine and the sodium ions collect and dominate the fluids outside the loop The loop of Henle works toward the goal of water conservation. Animals that live in a terrestrial environment need to be careful not to waste water. It is clearly a waste,if water is in short supply, to release too much water with the urine. As a result there needs to be a mechanism to encourage water out of the urine and back into the blood. The loop of Henle creates that animals.There i s no way of actively capturing water in the urine that is passing through the collecting ducts. It would almost seem too late to capture the water that is alread y on its way out of the body. However, the nifty nephron creates a trick with its loop of lienle to get the water out of the collecting duct before it leaves the kidney, kidney. The ascending loop of Henle actively transports chlorine ions out of the filtrate with carrier proteins. Chlorine builds up in the fluids of the medulla by active transport.Because it is a negative ion, it creates a cause for the sodium ion, which is positive, to rush out It does so by creating a salty environment in the medulla area of the mechanism in terrestrial of I-fenle creating a salty environment. This salty environment catches the attention of the water that is passing through the nearby collecting duct. salt. The collecting duct is permeable to water but not permeable to the Water can. not resist moving into the The salt creates an osmotic salty medulla. pressure that pulls the water out of the collecting duct by osmosis. Water has a ‘fatal attraction' to salty solutions. ) Once the water is out of the duct it is no longer destined for elimination but can' now be picked up by the nearby. ,Mood capillaries and returned to be used by;. body systems. Meanwhile, back at the loop of`-†¢Henle, trouble is starting. The ascending loop is running out of salt. There is no need to worry. The salt trick can continue because the descending loop in its wisdom is stealing back the salt that the ascending loop is so generously releasing.This helps to keep a constant flow of salt inside the loop for the ascending lope to pump out . Because of the generosity gfthe ascending loop and the stinginess of the descending loop a salt trade or salt current is established as the salt moves ouc of the ascen ding loop and into the descending loop, This salt current established by the loop of lienle maintains an environment that attracts water out of the ducts containing urine and back into the blood.This process is called the counter current mechanism. (ER 25 EXCRETION AND WE BALANCING OF WATE R AN Cl ruti†n i Tubular secretion Nctwp -i> Urea _, How Materials Move Into and Out of the Nephron As Urine Forms. As a Al. nephron extends through the kidney's cortex and medulla and dumps urine into the collecting duct, various substances enter and leave the filtrate. Broken lines represent segments of the nephron wall that are permeable to water, while solid lines represent wall segments impermeable to water.Narrow arrows represent passive diffusion of materials into or out of the nephron tubule, while wide arrows represent active transport against concentration gradients. Filtration activities are shown in blue, tubu. l ‘eabsorption activities in green, and tubular secretion in yellow. U ne is shown as yellow. traces nephron function and material movements step by step. The t FU†,t. Ic r1

Health Care Reform and How the United States Got There.

Health Care Reform and How the United States Got There. For over a decade our healthcare system has been flawed, and for over a decade several Presidents have tried to reform the health industry with little success. Advocates of health care reform have been met with great controversy and resistance since as early as 1854 when President Franklin Pierce vetoed the â€Å"Land-Grant Bill for Indigent Insane Persons† that would benefit the indigent insane, â€Å"by arguing that the federal government should not commit itself to social welfare, which he believed was properly the responsibility of the states† (Senate Debates On the Land-Grant Bill for Indigent Insane, 1854). Those apposed to change have fought diligently to cease the passing of any†¦show more content†¦The topic of major healthcare reform would not come to pass again, until the 1992 Election, when President Clinton â€Å"made health care reform a centerpiece of his campaign.† (Bok, 1998). After winning the election he quickly formed a committee to address the multitude of problems healthcare was having. After appointing Mrs. Clinton as the head of the task force and months of speculation, a 1000 page document was presented to Congress on September 1993 outlining the guarantee of basic healthcare for all Americans. â€Å"In a forceful tone, he urged the lawmakers to fix a health care system that is badly broken†¦ giving very American health security --- health care that is always there, healthcare that can never be taken away† (Bok, 1998). Like his predecessors in the past, his plan would come to a standstill on September 26, 1994 â€Å"when Senate Leader George Mitchell announced that the health care legislation was dead† (Bok, 1998). By the time President Bush took office there was change in the air, but overall healthcare reform for all was not one of them. President’s Bush health care initiatives focused more on tax cred its, Health Saving Accounts and changes in code for healthcare insurance, instead for the millions who lacked coverage. One of the biggest changes that came out of President Bush‘s term was the push today legislation that that would protect patient’s right in the healthcareShow MoreRelatedObamacare : The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act ( Ppaca )1237 Words   |  5 PagesObamaCare, officially known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) but sometimes also referred to as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) for short, reforms the health insurance industry and the American health care system as a whole. The law brings forth many changes for the American families that make healthcare more affordable and accessible. The law focuses on four aspects of improvements in healthcare for Americans: affordable insurance for individuals and small business owners,Read MoreHealth Care Act Of Indiana And The United States1553 Words   |  7 PagesHealth care in Indiana and the United States has received a lot of attention since the Barack Obama presidential campaign in 2008. Hoosiers in Indiana and Americans throughout the United States lack health care coverage. One goal all individuals have is obtaining health care coverage suitable for their individual needs. Since the health care reform became a big topic of discussion, health insurance has started to become more available. 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Many people do not qualify for the already present government health care programs such as Medicaid and Medicare.Read MoreHcs 235 Week Health Care Utilization Paper1067 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Care Utilization Paper HCS/235: Health Care Delivery in the U.S. Health Care Reform The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA) was designed to decrease health care costs and require health care access to all U.S. citizens. The Act has the potential for reducing the cost of health care in the United States; however, with many risks which could possibly strain the health care system, increase debt, and decrease the quality of care many are concerned. Access to Care

Leading Organizational Change At The Lao Tzu - 1186 Words

LEADING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE WONDIFRAW WOLDE DR. DEBORAH HEDDERLY MBA 610 ROSEMAN UNIVERSITY 06/09/2016 â€Å"There is nothing noble in being superior to your fellow men; true nobility is being superior to your former self.† Lao Tzu LEADING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE In my first year leadership paper in which I was expected to reflect on the various ethical systems used by a leader in decision making, I tried to explain how I got the inspiration to be a leader and hit on some important issues on how I could make better decisions using the leadership skills that I learnt from my first MBA†¦show more content†¦The team that I am leading needs to be energized by the feeling that change is needed right away. I will show them a good comparison of what the organization is now and what it will be after I introduce the necessary changes. The changes will include bringing about new vision to the organization which helps the organization to expand and be able to meet new set of goals making it more profitable than it was before, a plan to raise the bar for quality of production and better services. I will make sure that the teams in that organization not only just see the changes, but also benefit from the changes mad e. I will also make sure that all the ideas of the change are well communicated and that a common understanding is reached before applying the change. This is what creates the energy that empowers the team members to make a change and embrace the change as it is implemented. The second step that I will follow will be to establish an effective guiding coalition to make sure that despite the various obstacles and resistances that the change process might go through it will remain solid and that the change effort is well empowered and is kept on target through its various stages. The guiding coalition will have the right mix of individuals from different levels of the organization are chosen by the different teams of the organization and who are believed to have characteristics of credibility, leadership, and the necessary

The Classical Tragedy Of Sophocles Oedipus The King

â€Å"Greece’s Golden Age introduced many excellent playwrights, all of whom contributed to the success of Greek Literature† (sites.google/ Playwrights of the Golden Age). Sophocles, the author of the classic tragedy, Oedipus the King, was one of the three best play writers during that time frame. Born in 495 B.C., Sophocles â€Å"lived for nearly ninety years through the most of the turbulent events of his country during the fifteenth century B.C.† (Charters and Charters). He was born in Colonus, not far from Athens, with his father Sophillus, who owned a business that manufactured armor. Throughout his whole life he gained political and artistic knowledge. â€Å"The famous musician Lampros helped cultivate Sophocles’ musical ability. Likewise Aeschylus is said to have helped train the young Sophocles in the arts of tragedy (egs.com/ Sophocles- Biography). Furthermore, Sophocles gained a lot of his competency from other different scholars. Sophocles â₠¬Å"was nicknamed as â€Å"the Attic Bee† because he relied on such earlier works as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey for material for his plays†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Charters and Charters). Even after his death in 406 B.C., Sophocles remains as an acute impact to Literature. Along with its author, the play Oedipus the King has served for many years as an amazing significance. It was so important that it â€Å"was considered such masterpiece a century after its creation that the philosopher and critic Aristotle used it in the Poetics as an example on which to base his aestheticShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent are ‘Othello’ and Oedipus Rex Perfect Examples of Tragedy1149 Words   |  5 Pages‘perfect’ tragedy is the idea that the tragedy is faultless; it does what is expected; so makes the audience feel empathy and sympathy for the characters who suffer. There are two different types of tragedy: classical tragedy and Shakespearean tragedy. The tragic hero in this play is the main character, Othello. 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Greek Tragedy Theater rose to its peak in Athens aroundRead MoreOpedipus, a tragic hero Essay example1708 Words   |  7 PagesOutline Thesis Statement: Oedipus is the embodiment of Aristotle’s characterization of a tragic hero through his ability to preserve his virtue and wisdom, despite his flaws and predicament. Introduction I. Sophocles’ Oedipus: A Tragic Hero A. Definition of a tragic hero B. Oedipus Character as it relates II. Tragedy A. Language of Tragedy B. Tragedy as it affects the audience III. Plot A. Aristotle’s idea of a tragic plot B. Significance of the plot IV. Virtue and Morality Read MoreOedipus : The King Of Thebes And Tragic Hero Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus: The King of Thebes and Tragic Hero Ancient Greek Literature encompasses an assortment of poetry and drama to include the great masterpieces of tragedy. In Classic Literature, tragedies were commonly known for their elaboration of a protagonist fitting the classification of a tragic hero. 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Long L26269572 ENGL 102 Professor Givens March 2, 2015 Turabian Sophocles is one of the great ancient Greek tragedians in the history of drama. In the play â€Å"Oedipus the King,† Oedipus is an excellent example of fate happening to a tragic hero. In addition, this play has all the elements of tragedy; human weakness, powerless, suffering, and one not having control of his own destiny. As a result, â€Å"Oedipus the King† is theRead MoreOld Tragedy Versus New Tragedy1386 Words   |  6 PagesOld Tragedy versus New Tragedy Tragedy is a concept in literature that is defined as a series of bad events that have a negative effect on the characters until a major disaster occurs. Aristotle believes â€Å"the objective of tragedy is in bringing the audience (or the reader) to a certain state, alternately designated as either katharsis or pleasure† (academia.edu, n.d.). One or more characters can be involved in a tragic story. 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Survey Of Cyber Attack Detection Strategies -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Survey Of Cyber Attack Detection Strategies? Answer: Introducation People have made their life easier by using the benefits of advances in technology, due to which, the usage of internet is at its best. On the one hand where there are various benefits of the internet usage, there are some privacy issues also that are related to it among which ethical issues and the behavior of the internet users are the prime ones (Stahla et al., 2014). When it comes to primary schools, the cyberbullying has a great catch over the ethical issues which needs to be considered by the researchers to provide safe information and communication technology to the schools. The investigation includes serious topics like cybercrime, internet frauds, cyberbullying, hacking of networks, and much more (Spiekermann, 2015). Analysis of ICT Ethical Issues The internet is a vital part of information and communication technology that has become quite important in the day-to-day life to make the hectic communication easy with various offers it serves with (Floridi, 2010). Although, it gives a great positive impact; it also contains some negative impact of the internet which is considered to be unethical regarding the confidentiality and accessibility of the information. Following are some of the ethical considerations that should be known. Copyright: One needs to mark the word copyright while downloading any file from the internet. This has become quite common currently which needs to be followed in proper conduct. However, if it is downloaded without permission, it would violate the regulations set by the authorities (Rainer et al., 2013). Files like documents, music, eBooks, software, applications, etc. are found to be downloaded with ease in nearly all the countries and this act is labeled as unethical. Although this act has not been given due significance as it has not yet harmed the cyber economy of any country (Holt and Bossler, 2015). This practice is widely performed while sharing files through the internet without any hindrance as people mostly look for free options rather than paying for them. Hacking: Hacking is another illegal action performed by the students of the primary schools that damages the protocol and steals the confidential information in cyberspace. The process of hacking includes aspects like classifying the information, stealing confidential information like passwords, credit card details, and much more (Stahla et al., 2014). This activity is widely processed when the computers are common or accessible. Such activity takes place when the hackers are able to drive another persons concentration through their attractive traps. There are students who have the passion to become professional hackers, and hence they commit illegal protocols (Reynolds, 2011). A good example of this issue was seen in 2014 when 14 branches of the Affin Bank, Bank Islam, and Al Rajhi Bank were hacked through their ATMs by a hacking gang. Cyber Bullying : Cyber bullying is an illegal act that is carried by harassing individuals with the help of internet. The act has grabbed various primary school students resulting in the destruction of their psychological condition (Spiekermann, 2015). This result turns to be hilarious when the user is having no idea about cyber bullying and fails to protect himself/herself against it (Floridi, 2010). The act also includes irritation caused by speeches that scare people and frustrate them. The primary school girls are the prime victims of cyber bullying where they are delivered with threatening messages or voice messages that hinder their privacy. The common result seen in various students is changing the school, and the worst result of such bullying is the commitment to suicide by the victim (Whitman and Mattord, 2012). Data Privacy: Everyday, the internet is used to store various files and data that can be counted in a million gigabytes. When it comes to maintaining this data, the privacy of the same has been of crucial concern. The Internet contains various personal data of the people that is quite sensitive (Laudon, 2016). When an individual looks forward to any deals or rights on the internet, they are generally asked to go through the agreement that is labeled under the privacy policy of the users right and data privacy terms (Raiyn, 2014). The policy helps to know which portion of the data can be used and modified by the authorities. Reasons Behind Copyright Violations Here are some situations and causes that lead to violations regarding the copyright laws. Having insufficient knowledge about the topic that encourages plagiarism. Lack of information about the results of copying copyrighted materials. Not declaring the terms of the copyright on the website (Reynolds, 2011). High price of the legitimate sellers on the internet which leads to piracy. Lack of enforcement of laws properly for protection of intellectual property data. Hacking as Common Act When it comes to cybercrime, hacking has been the most common one, that has resulted in the increase of fraud cases. The hackers generally try to trap the internet user for gaining maximum information from them. Hacking through credit cards is a widely observed crime around the world; as nearly 90% of the total credit card users are found carrying online transactions. Here are some reasons that convert the users into victims of hackers: File sharing and downloading has been observed to be the primary reason as to why hackers are progressing as it is easily carried by an unprotected download of programs, codes, etc. through pen drive downloading and file sharing. Another way the hackers are progressing are attractive traps like phishing, email spams, etc. that allows the hackers to use the private data of the internet user (Whitman and Mattord, 2012). Hacking has hence, become a widely spread crime due to the system bugs or the carelessness of the cyber authorities. The lack of updating of the systems is also a major reason that makes it easy for the hackers to perform their activities (Heersmink, 2011). Reasons Behind Cyberbullying The major reason behind the cyber bullying is the increased use of social media, mostly by the children that lead to psychological harm. Here are some reasons for the increase in cyber bullying: The increase of feelings like anger, frustration, or revenge developing in teenagers leads to cyber bullying. Unawareness of proper use of personal information on social networks resulting in harassment by bad people. Too much interaction with strangers resulting to bullying or blackmailing. Conclusion and Solutions to the Internet Problems All the disasters regarding the internet occur due to improper maintenance of cyber ethical issues along with workplace ethics (Floridi, 2010). No doubt the speed of the communication through the internet has given many benefits, there are events where it is misused also. However, proper control over all these measures can also limit the cyber crimes which can be carried as follows: Prevention to a violation of copyright: The promotion of open source campaigning to various universities would help to control the plagiarism to a great extent. The more the students and the public get to know about it; the more piracy would be controlled (Stahla et al., 2014). Generate awareness among the people not to use pirated games, as this would discourage the owners in their work. Putting the illegal download movies under the banned section and implementation of laws properly along with the proper promotion (Rainer et al., 2013). Design a free software with limitations for music, images, etc., along with a paid software. Solutions for hacking problems: Increase the use of anti-virus programs to avoid malicious programs to prevent from hacking. Using different passwords to sign in while using various websites that require registration (Raiyn, 2014). Clearing the cookies after browsing the internet for making the computer user safe. Increase in campaigns to limit credit card hacking, websites, etc. Look before using any kind of free Wi-Fi to avoid the unpleasant results. Prevention of cyber bullying: Counselling the students to be open to parents and guardians to avoid any kind of frustration. Campaigns to help them in using their private information on the internet to avoid bullying. Reference Floridi L. 2010. The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics. Cambridge University Press. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=iK3UjU9yfiECoi=fnd pg=PA41dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2010ots=1c65IAbFFjsig=w5YpUHqDkTXW8X5zawhNMFUoHSQ#v=onepageq=computer%20ethics%20information%20systems%20%2B2010f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Heersmink R. 2011. Bibliometric mapping of computer and information ethics. Journal of Ethics and Information Technology [Online], Volume 1 / 1999 - Volume 19 / 2017. pp. 1388-1957. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-011-9273-7. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Holt T., Bossler A. 2015. Cybercrime in Progress:Theory and Prevention of Technology-enabled Offenses [Online]. Routledge. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=xMQ0CwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=cyber+crime+%2B2019ots=gsEUnDgQnLsig=2S0IZx-VbJ4Ignavjx8lmWeccCY#v=onepageq=cyber%20crime%20%2B2019f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Laudon K., Laudon J. 2016. Management Information System. Pearson Education India. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=4RAwDwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP2dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2016ots=CErXp2XlVisig=azHtMhbUj4vREJbwh5HnRk4jdXs#v=onepageqf=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Reynolds G. 2011. Ethics in Information Technology. Cengage Learning. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=vcYJAAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT6dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2011ots=FaPgzvQzzusig=m67hJizBlK38iIa6vdLEqJH4E6s#v=onepageq=computer%20ethics%20information%20systems%20%2B2011f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Rainer R., Cegielski C., Hogeterp, H. Rodriguez C. 2013. Introduction to Information Systems, Third Canadian Edition. John Wiley Sons. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=LAIeCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA280dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2013ots=-XjV-EIgvYsig=zAQHwiCvlyy4IusB7K_Jqj1UpxA#v=onepageq=computer%20ethics%20information%20systems%20%2B2013f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Raiyn J. 2014. A survey of Cyber Attack Detection Strategies. International Journal of Security and Its Applications[Online]. Vol.8,(Issue 1), pp.247-256. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2014.8.1.23 [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Stahla B., Eden G., Jirotka M., Coeckelbergha M. 2014. From computer ethics to responsible research and innovation in ICT: The transition of reference discourses informing ethics-related research in information systems. Information Managemen [Online]t. Volume 51 (Issue 6), pp. 810-818. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.01.001 [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Spiekermann S. 2015. Ethical IT Innovation:A Value-Based System Design Approach [Online]. CRC Press. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=WI3wCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=innovation+in+ict+%22computer+ethics%22+%2B2015ots=ivKwPbccBrsig=RQAoZ35DamuKvALJ9pIAFMLzajM#v=onepageqf=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Whitman M., Mattord H. 2012. Principles of Information Security. Cengage Learning Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=L3LtJAxcsmMCoi=fndpg=PR9dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2011ots=6WB3VRiMwPsig=AcnlUB99-VoE_d4gpxhI5CXxvzE#v=onepageq=computer%20ethics%20information%20systems%20%2B2011f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017]

Comparison Steel Cement Industries Of India â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Comparison Steel Cement Industries Of India? Answer: Introducation This analysis entails assessment of an organization capacity to settle all its short-term financial needs (Sharma Sharma, 2014). The key ratios that are used in measuring Gelato Industries liquidity level include current and quick ratios. Current ratio This ratio is used in measuring an organizations capacity in repaying all its short-term debt obligations such as salaries payables and accounting payables (Sharma Sharma, 2014). Here, a higher current ratio shows higher liquidity status of an organization while a lower one shows less liquidity status. Based on the financial information of Gelato Industries, it is evident that its current ratio for the financial year 2014 was 63,125/34375 = 1.84. The ratio is very significant in measuring an organizations short term liquidity and in measuring an organizations capacity to settle its short-term debts using quick assets (Sharma Sharma, 2014). With these considerations, Gelato Industries quick ratio for the financial year 2014 was (63,125-36,250)/34375 = 0.78. On overall, based on the current and quick ratio for the year 2014, it is clear that Gelato was financially liquid in that its current assets and quick ratio were relatively higher indicating its capacity to settle its short-term debts. Capital Structure Analysis This analysis is used in assessing financial growth and health of an organization (Akhtar, 2014). The analysis helps in measuring how an organization finances its operations and growth through different sources of finances. This ratio shows financial leverage of an organization. It usually indicates percentage of total assets that is financed by total liabilities (Arnold, 2011). Here, a higher debt ratio is said to shows greater leverage and high financing risk. With these considerations, Gelato Industries debt ratio for the financial year 2014 was70,313/140,625= 0.50. Interest coverage This ratio helps in evaluating how easily a given firm could pay off its interest expenses. It is computed by dividing operating profit (EBIT) by its interest expenses (Arnold, 2011). In essence, interest coverage helps in measuring number of times an organization could settle its outstanding debts by using its net profit. With these considerations, Gelato Industries interest coverage for the financial year 2014 was18,000/5,719= 3.15 On overall, given the fact that Gelato Industries debt ratio was relatively low, below 1, it can be stated that the company leverage is low and there is also low financing risk. On the other hand, given that its interest coverage was relatively high it is clear that Gelato is able to finance its interest expenses. Profitability analysis This analysis shows or indicates how an organization generates profits (AlEid, 2015). In essence, profitability analysis entails utilization of profitability ratios such as operating profit margin, ROE, ROA and asset turnover in evaluating profitability of the organization. Operating profit margin This ratio emanates proportion of an organizations revenue that is remaining after deduction of variable costs (AlEid, 2015). Thus, high operating margin is usually desirable for an organization in enabling paying fixed expenses like interest on debts, vital portion in improving its leverage and in building trust in investors. As a result, Gelato Industries operating profit margin for the financial year 2014 was 18,000/112,500= 0.16 or 16% This financial ratio is crucial to investors since it help in measuring an organizations success to generate income or profit for the benefit of the common shareholders (AlEid, 2015). As a result, Gelato Industries ROE for the financial year 2014 was 18,000/70,312*100%= 25.60%. The ROA is usually important in measuring organizations management efficiency in utilizing its assets to generate income (AlEid, 2015). Basically, ROA is used in measuring efficiency of an organization in its assets management. With these considerations, Gelato Industries ROA for the financial year 2014 was 18,000/140,625*100%= 12.80%. On overall, it can be stated that Gelato was profitable enough given that it had high ROE, ROA and operating profit margin. Basically, with a high ROE and ROA, it is evident that Gelato management is effective enough in generating income from assets and from shareholders equity. Asset management efficiency This analysis is used in assessing how efficiency and effectively an organization is in managing assets to generate revenue (AlEid, 2015). The key ratios used in assessing Gelato Industries asset management efficiency are inventory turnover, fixed assets turnover, asset turnover and average collection turnover The ratios is used in measuring the number of times assets could be used in accomplishing total turnover and is calculated by subdividing total sales by its total assets (AlEid, 2015). As from, Gelato Industries financial statements, it is evident that the company asset turnover for the financial year 2014 was 112,500/140,625= 0.80; Fixed asset turnover This ratio is used in assessing number of times an entitys fixed assets are used in accomplishing turnover and is calculated by subdividing total sales with its fixed assets (Sanghani, 2014). In essence, fixed asset turnover is useful in measuring how efficiently an organization utilizes its fixed assets in generating revenue or sales. It helps in measuring efficiency of an organizations operations. From Gelato Industries financial statements, it is evident that the company fixed asset turnover for the financial year 2014 was 112,500/77,500= 1.45. Inventory turnover It is utilized in assessing how many times inventories are converted or sold. This is computed by dividing an organizations COGS with its total inventories (Sanghani, 2014). A high number means that there is risk of stock-out. Based Gelato Industries financial statements, it is evident that the company inventory turnover for the financial year 2014 was 112,500/36,250= 3.10. Average collection period This ratio is used in measuring number of days it would take for an organization to collect amount on credit from debtors. Here, lower number is more preferred than higher number since it implies that the firm is getting its cash more quickly (Sanghani, 2014). The ratio is computed by dividing number of days in a year by receivable turnover. From the financial statements provided, it is evident that Gelato Industries average collection period for the financial year 2014 was 365/(112,500/15,625)= 50.69 days. Based on the asset management efficiency analysis above, it is evident that Gelato is efficient in managing its assets to generate sales. To be more specific, it is evident that the company is efficient on how it manages its receivable collection and asset utilization. Gelato Industries priceearnings, EPS as well as its market-to-book ratios Earnings per share also referred to as EPS is the proportion of an organizations profit that is allocated to every share outstanding. It usually serves as the signal of an organizations profitability (Sanghani, 2014). This ratio is crucial in determining the stock value. It is usually computed by dividing net income or profit by number of outstanding shares. Thus, in this case, Gelato industries EPS for the year 2015 = net profit/share outstanding = 22,884/5000= 4.58. The Price-earnings ratio is a crucial financial ratio that is used in assessing an organization by measuring its present share price in relation to its EPS. With these considerations, price-earnings ratio for Gelato would be= price per share/EPS =15/4.58=3.28. The market-to-book value or the price to book value is the financial ratio used in assessing an organizations current market value in relation to its book value. It is used in measuring an organizations market price relative to book value (Arbidane, 2015). Basically, it shows how much equity different investors are paying for every dollar in the total assets. Here, market value is usually the present stock price of all the outstanding share whole book value is usually the amount that is left in case an organization is liquidated. In essence, book value is equivalent to net assets of an organization (AlEid, 2015).Thus, market to book value of Gelato Industries is equal to = price per share divided by the book value or BV per share. The book value per share =different between assets and liabilities divided by share outstanding= (195,000-119535)/5000=75,465/5000=15.093. Thus, given that the book value per share is equal to 15.093, the market to book value for the company would be; price /BV = 15/15.093= 0.99 Description of financial condition and performance of Gelato Industries Based on sections a, b and c As from the analysis on section a and b above, it is evident that Gelato is performing relatively well in terms of its assets management and its capital structure. In addition, it is also clear that Gelato is profitable enough due to its high operating profit margin. The high ROA and ROE is also a clear signal of the profitability of the company in terms of equity and asset utilization to generate income. It is also evident from Gelato liquidity analysis that the company was having easier time in settling its short-term debt commitments. By looking at section c above particularly on the EPS results, it is evident that Gelato Industries was profitable enough. This is evidence by relatively high EPS which shows that there is high profit allocated to outstanding shares. Further, given that the P/E ratio for Gelato for the financial year 2015 was relatively high at 3.28, it is evident that Gelato is financially healthy. In essence, the high P/E ratio is a clear indication that Gelato Industries expect to post higher returns growth in future. Furthermore, the observations on the section c on P/E ratios show that the stock is currently overpriced. Further, based on the calculations in section c above, it is evident that Gelato Industries stocks are undervalued. This is evidence by the fact that its market to book value for the financial year 2015 was below 1. Warren Buffet on Investment Summary about Warren Buffet Warren Buffetts advices on investment are timeless. One might loss tract on investment or might make several investment mistakes, but all of them fall under different investment tips provided by Warren. The worlds greatest investor for a long time has never been at any time shy on strategies that assisted or aided him accumulate the $72 billion and his growing company, Bershire Hathaway, into the juggernaut prized at more than $212 billion (YouTube, 2017). Nonetheless, Warren does not encourage average individual investors in trying to mimic his key success. Key Points That Warren Makes In Relation To Investment In his YouTube featuring interviews, a number of points that Warren makes in relations to investments. Some of these issues include advice on the worst investment one can make. In his commentary, the worst investment one can make is investing in cash over time. Basically, individuals always tend to keep sufficient cash so as to feel comfortable, but this is not necessarily because they like cash (YouTube, 2017). The second point is that to be a successful investor, one should focus on competition as well. In his commentary, Warren stated that in case one is determined in picking stocks, s/he should not venture in those businesses s/he does not understand. Thus, from his advices, it is good for one to take time to under a given business before making any investment move. Further, it is good while making any investment to have trust in oneself. One has to divorce himself from all greed and fears of individuals around them. This makes it easier for them to make better investments (YouTu be, 2017) References Akhtar, N. (2014). Impact of efficient management of working capital on profitability: chemical companies listed at the KSE.Pakistan Business Review, 333. AlEid, A. B. M. (2015).A Financial Statement Analysis on Three Major Construction Companies in the UAE (Arabtec Holding PJSC, Drake Scull PJSC and Emaar Properties PJSC)(Doctoral dissertation, The British University in Dubai (BUiD)). Arbidane, I. (2015). Management of current assets in the context of increasing the Enterprises Profitability. InProceedings of the 10th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Volume II(Vol. 27, p. 34). Arnold, T. (2011). Putting Ratios into a Firm Value Context for Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship Students.The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance,15(2), 23. Sanghani, D. A. (2014). The Effect of Liquidity on the Financial accounting Performance of Non-Financial Companies Listed At the Nairobi Securities Exchange.Unpublished MBA Project. Sharma, V., Sharma, R. (2014). Relationship between working capital management and profitability: A comparison of steel and cement industries of India.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,4(8), 211. YouTube. (2017). Warren Buffet Best Advice on Successful Investing: Retrieved at 19th September 2017 from; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5VQPIeZhMc YouTube. (2017). Warren Buffet Financial Rules to Live By: Retrieved at 19th September 2017 from; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUAtVyWS_4Y YouTube. (2017). Warren Buffet on Why Hell Never Sell a Share of Coke Stock: Retrieved at 19th September 2017 from; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4p1_5bZ8I4M