Leading Organizational Change At The Lao Tzu - 1186 Words

LEADING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE WONDIFRAW WOLDE DR. DEBORAH HEDDERLY MBA 610 ROSEMAN UNIVERSITY 06/09/2016 â€Å"There is nothing noble in being superior to your fellow men; true nobility is being superior to your former self.† Lao Tzu LEADING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE In my first year leadership paper in which I was expected to reflect on the various ethical systems used by a leader in decision making, I tried to explain how I got the inspiration to be a leader and hit on some important issues on how I could make better decisions using the leadership skills that I learnt from my first MBA†¦show more content†¦The team that I am leading needs to be energized by the feeling that change is needed right away. I will show them a good comparison of what the organization is now and what it will be after I introduce the necessary changes. The changes will include bringing about new vision to the organization which helps the organization to expand and be able to meet new set of goals making it more profitable than it was before, a plan to raise the bar for quality of production and better services. I will make sure that the teams in that organization not only just see the changes, but also benefit from the changes mad e. I will also make sure that all the ideas of the change are well communicated and that a common understanding is reached before applying the change. This is what creates the energy that empowers the team members to make a change and embrace the change as it is implemented. The second step that I will follow will be to establish an effective guiding coalition to make sure that despite the various obstacles and resistances that the change process might go through it will remain solid and that the change effort is well empowered and is kept on target through its various stages. The guiding coalition will have the right mix of individuals from different levels of the organization are chosen by the different teams of the organization and who are believed to have characteristics of credibility, leadership, and the necessary

The Classical Tragedy Of Sophocles Oedipus The King

â€Å"Greece’s Golden Age introduced many excellent playwrights, all of whom contributed to the success of Greek Literature† (sites.google/ Playwrights of the Golden Age). Sophocles, the author of the classic tragedy, Oedipus the King, was one of the three best play writers during that time frame. Born in 495 B.C., Sophocles â€Å"lived for nearly ninety years through the most of the turbulent events of his country during the fifteenth century B.C.† (Charters and Charters). He was born in Colonus, not far from Athens, with his father Sophillus, who owned a business that manufactured armor. Throughout his whole life he gained political and artistic knowledge. â€Å"The famous musician Lampros helped cultivate Sophocles’ musical ability. Likewise Aeschylus is said to have helped train the young Sophocles in the arts of tragedy (egs.com/ Sophocles- Biography). Furthermore, Sophocles gained a lot of his competency from other different scholars. Sophocles â₠¬Å"was nicknamed as â€Å"the Attic Bee† because he relied on such earlier works as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey for material for his plays†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Charters and Charters). Even after his death in 406 B.C., Sophocles remains as an acute impact to Literature. Along with its author, the play Oedipus the King has served for many years as an amazing significance. It was so important that it â€Å"was considered such masterpiece a century after its creation that the philosopher and critic Aristotle used it in the Poetics as an example on which to base his aestheticShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent are ‘Othello’ and Oedipus Rex Perfect Examples of Tragedy1149 Words   |  5 Pages‘perfect’ tragedy is the idea that the tragedy is faultless; it does what is expected; so makes the audience feel empathy and sympathy for the characters who suffer. There are two different types of tragedy: classical tragedy and Shakespearean tragedy. The tragic hero in this play is the main character, Othello. Othellos misfortune comes about because of his jealousy, trust, and his pride. This essay aims to look at, and compare, how Shakespeare wrote his tragedy, and how other tragedies are writtenRead MoreEssay on Oedipus: The Reign of a Tragic Hero1266 Words   |  6 Pageswith? The history behind the character of Oedipus, in the play Oedipus the King, is very complicated. His intricate past dealing with prophecies, family members, and murder is the main focus of the story. There are many characteristics that complete Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero; these being the presence of hamartia and peripeteia, a sense of self-awareness, the audience’s pity for the character, and the hero is of noble birth. Greek Tragedy Theater rose to its peak in Athens aroundRead MoreOpedipus, a tragic hero Essay example1708 Words   |  7 PagesOutline Thesis Statement: Oedipus is the embodiment of Aristotle’s characterization of a tragic hero through his ability to preserve his virtue and wisdom, despite his flaws and predicament. Introduction I. Sophocles’ Oedipus: A Tragic Hero A. Definition of a tragic hero B. Oedipus Character as it relates II. Tragedy A. Language of Tragedy B. Tragedy as it affects the audience III. Plot A. Aristotle’s idea of a tragic plot B. Significance of the plot IV. Virtue and Morality Read MoreOedipus : The King Of Thebes And Tragic Hero Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus: The King of Thebes and Tragic Hero Ancient Greek Literature encompasses an assortment of poetry and drama to include the great masterpieces of tragedy. In Classic Literature, tragedies were commonly known for their elaboration of a protagonist fitting the classification of a tragic hero. This type of a tragic hero often collectively described as a character of noble birth, facing an adversity of some nature and a fate of great suffering. The characteristics of what encompassed a tragic heroRead MoreEssay about Oedipus Rex and Fight Club965 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus Rex, a play written by Sophocles, and Fight Club, a movie directed by David Fincher, are two stories that relate to one another by sharing similar ideas and life lessons. One could argue that both contain essential qualities and characteristics of classical tragedy, but are they both ultimately tragic in the classical sense of the word? I believe that both Oedipus Rex and Fight Club do, in fact, exhibit the important qualities of classical tragedy but u ltimately, I think that only one ofRead MoreOedipus The King, A Tragic Hero Story Of Fate1495 Words   |  6 Pages OEDIPUS THE KING, A TRAGIC HERO STORY OF FATE Pamela A. Long L26269572 ENGL 102 Professor Givens March 2, 2015 Turabian Sophocles is one of the great ancient Greek tragedians in the history of drama. In the play â€Å"Oedipus the King,† Oedipus is an excellent example of fate happening to a tragic hero. In addition, this play has all the elements of tragedy; human weakness, powerless, suffering, and one not having control of his own destiny. As a result, â€Å"Oedipus the King† is theRead MoreOld Tragedy Versus New Tragedy1386 Words   |  6 PagesOld Tragedy versus New Tragedy Tragedy is a concept in literature that is defined as a series of bad events that have a negative effect on the characters until a major disaster occurs. Aristotle believes â€Å"the objective of tragedy is in bringing the audience (or the reader) to a certain state, alternately designated as either katharsis or pleasure† (academia.edu, n.d.). One or more characters can be involved in a tragic story. There are usually five stages that go into fully developingRead MoreAnalysis Essay: Oedipus the King1017 Words   |  4 Pages Casual Analysis Essay: Oedipus the King Sophocles play Oedipus the King has endured for over two thousand years. The plays lasting appeal may be attributed to the fact it encompasses all the classical elements of tragedy as put forth by Aristotle in Poetics nearly a century before it was written. According to Aristotle, tragedy needs to be an imitation of life according to the law of probability or necessity. Tragedy is serious, complete, and has magnitude. It must have a beginning, middleRead MoreOedipus Rex1350 Words   |  6 PagesGreek Tragedy The Greek drama Oedipus Rex is clearly a tragedy. It definitely meets the five main criteria for a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw, a fall from grace, a moment of remorse, and catharsis. Interestingly, even though Oedipus the King came before Poetics, Sophocles’ play illustrates Aristotle’s rules for classical drama. Oedipus the King particularly displays a tragic emotion, a tragic character, and a tragic fall. Aristotle also writes that such a drama ought to haveRead MorePhilosophy: Oedipus and Aristotle1255 Words   |  6 Pagesof a tragic hero, it can be concluded that Oedipus is a tragic hero. Oedipus The King was written by a well-known tragic dramatist named Sophocles. This story is considered to be one of the greatest tragedies of all time. In fact, the Marjorie Barstow of the Classical Weekly says that it â€Å"fulfills the function of a tragedy, and arouses fear and pity in the highest degree† (Barstow). It is also very controversi al because of the relationship that Oedipus has with his mother, although it was unknown

Survey Of Cyber Attack Detection Strategies -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Survey Of Cyber Attack Detection Strategies? Answer: Introducation People have made their life easier by using the benefits of advances in technology, due to which, the usage of internet is at its best. On the one hand where there are various benefits of the internet usage, there are some privacy issues also that are related to it among which ethical issues and the behavior of the internet users are the prime ones (Stahla et al., 2014). When it comes to primary schools, the cyberbullying has a great catch over the ethical issues which needs to be considered by the researchers to provide safe information and communication technology to the schools. The investigation includes serious topics like cybercrime, internet frauds, cyberbullying, hacking of networks, and much more (Spiekermann, 2015). Analysis of ICT Ethical Issues The internet is a vital part of information and communication technology that has become quite important in the day-to-day life to make the hectic communication easy with various offers it serves with (Floridi, 2010). Although, it gives a great positive impact; it also contains some negative impact of the internet which is considered to be unethical regarding the confidentiality and accessibility of the information. Following are some of the ethical considerations that should be known. Copyright: One needs to mark the word copyright while downloading any file from the internet. This has become quite common currently which needs to be followed in proper conduct. However, if it is downloaded without permission, it would violate the regulations set by the authorities (Rainer et al., 2013). Files like documents, music, eBooks, software, applications, etc. are found to be downloaded with ease in nearly all the countries and this act is labeled as unethical. Although this act has not been given due significance as it has not yet harmed the cyber economy of any country (Holt and Bossler, 2015). This practice is widely performed while sharing files through the internet without any hindrance as people mostly look for free options rather than paying for them. Hacking: Hacking is another illegal action performed by the students of the primary schools that damages the protocol and steals the confidential information in cyberspace. The process of hacking includes aspects like classifying the information, stealing confidential information like passwords, credit card details, and much more (Stahla et al., 2014). This activity is widely processed when the computers are common or accessible. Such activity takes place when the hackers are able to drive another persons concentration through their attractive traps. There are students who have the passion to become professional hackers, and hence they commit illegal protocols (Reynolds, 2011). A good example of this issue was seen in 2014 when 14 branches of the Affin Bank, Bank Islam, and Al Rajhi Bank were hacked through their ATMs by a hacking gang. Cyber Bullying : Cyber bullying is an illegal act that is carried by harassing individuals with the help of internet. The act has grabbed various primary school students resulting in the destruction of their psychological condition (Spiekermann, 2015). This result turns to be hilarious when the user is having no idea about cyber bullying and fails to protect himself/herself against it (Floridi, 2010). The act also includes irritation caused by speeches that scare people and frustrate them. The primary school girls are the prime victims of cyber bullying where they are delivered with threatening messages or voice messages that hinder their privacy. The common result seen in various students is changing the school, and the worst result of such bullying is the commitment to suicide by the victim (Whitman and Mattord, 2012). Data Privacy: Everyday, the internet is used to store various files and data that can be counted in a million gigabytes. When it comes to maintaining this data, the privacy of the same has been of crucial concern. The Internet contains various personal data of the people that is quite sensitive (Laudon, 2016). When an individual looks forward to any deals or rights on the internet, they are generally asked to go through the agreement that is labeled under the privacy policy of the users right and data privacy terms (Raiyn, 2014). The policy helps to know which portion of the data can be used and modified by the authorities. Reasons Behind Copyright Violations Here are some situations and causes that lead to violations regarding the copyright laws. Having insufficient knowledge about the topic that encourages plagiarism. Lack of information about the results of copying copyrighted materials. Not declaring the terms of the copyright on the website (Reynolds, 2011). High price of the legitimate sellers on the internet which leads to piracy. Lack of enforcement of laws properly for protection of intellectual property data. Hacking as Common Act When it comes to cybercrime, hacking has been the most common one, that has resulted in the increase of fraud cases. The hackers generally try to trap the internet user for gaining maximum information from them. Hacking through credit cards is a widely observed crime around the world; as nearly 90% of the total credit card users are found carrying online transactions. Here are some reasons that convert the users into victims of hackers: File sharing and downloading has been observed to be the primary reason as to why hackers are progressing as it is easily carried by an unprotected download of programs, codes, etc. through pen drive downloading and file sharing. Another way the hackers are progressing are attractive traps like phishing, email spams, etc. that allows the hackers to use the private data of the internet user (Whitman and Mattord, 2012). Hacking has hence, become a widely spread crime due to the system bugs or the carelessness of the cyber authorities. The lack of updating of the systems is also a major reason that makes it easy for the hackers to perform their activities (Heersmink, 2011). Reasons Behind Cyberbullying The major reason behind the cyber bullying is the increased use of social media, mostly by the children that lead to psychological harm. Here are some reasons for the increase in cyber bullying: The increase of feelings like anger, frustration, or revenge developing in teenagers leads to cyber bullying. Unawareness of proper use of personal information on social networks resulting in harassment by bad people. Too much interaction with strangers resulting to bullying or blackmailing. Conclusion and Solutions to the Internet Problems All the disasters regarding the internet occur due to improper maintenance of cyber ethical issues along with workplace ethics (Floridi, 2010). No doubt the speed of the communication through the internet has given many benefits, there are events where it is misused also. However, proper control over all these measures can also limit the cyber crimes which can be carried as follows: Prevention to a violation of copyright: The promotion of open source campaigning to various universities would help to control the plagiarism to a great extent. The more the students and the public get to know about it; the more piracy would be controlled (Stahla et al., 2014). Generate awareness among the people not to use pirated games, as this would discourage the owners in their work. Putting the illegal download movies under the banned section and implementation of laws properly along with the proper promotion (Rainer et al., 2013). Design a free software with limitations for music, images, etc., along with a paid software. Solutions for hacking problems: Increase the use of anti-virus programs to avoid malicious programs to prevent from hacking. Using different passwords to sign in while using various websites that require registration (Raiyn, 2014). Clearing the cookies after browsing the internet for making the computer user safe. Increase in campaigns to limit credit card hacking, websites, etc. Look before using any kind of free Wi-Fi to avoid the unpleasant results. Prevention of cyber bullying: Counselling the students to be open to parents and guardians to avoid any kind of frustration. Campaigns to help them in using their private information on the internet to avoid bullying. Reference Floridi L. 2010. The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics. Cambridge University Press. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=iK3UjU9yfiECoi=fnd pg=PA41dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2010ots=1c65IAbFFjsig=w5YpUHqDkTXW8X5zawhNMFUoHSQ#v=onepageq=computer%20ethics%20information%20systems%20%2B2010f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Heersmink R. 2011. Bibliometric mapping of computer and information ethics. Journal of Ethics and Information Technology [Online], Volume 1 / 1999 - Volume 19 / 2017. pp. 1388-1957. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-011-9273-7. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Holt T., Bossler A. 2015. Cybercrime in Progress:Theory and Prevention of Technology-enabled Offenses [Online]. Routledge. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=xMQ0CwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=cyber+crime+%2B2019ots=gsEUnDgQnLsig=2S0IZx-VbJ4Ignavjx8lmWeccCY#v=onepageq=cyber%20crime%20%2B2019f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Laudon K., Laudon J. 2016. Management Information System. Pearson Education India. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=4RAwDwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP2dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2016ots=CErXp2XlVisig=azHtMhbUj4vREJbwh5HnRk4jdXs#v=onepageqf=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Reynolds G. 2011. Ethics in Information Technology. Cengage Learning. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=vcYJAAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT6dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2011ots=FaPgzvQzzusig=m67hJizBlK38iIa6vdLEqJH4E6s#v=onepageq=computer%20ethics%20information%20systems%20%2B2011f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Rainer R., Cegielski C., Hogeterp, H. Rodriguez C. 2013. Introduction to Information Systems, Third Canadian Edition. John Wiley Sons. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=LAIeCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA280dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2013ots=-XjV-EIgvYsig=zAQHwiCvlyy4IusB7K_Jqj1UpxA#v=onepageq=computer%20ethics%20information%20systems%20%2B2013f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Raiyn J. 2014. A survey of Cyber Attack Detection Strategies. International Journal of Security and Its Applications[Online]. Vol.8,(Issue 1), pp.247-256. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2014.8.1.23 [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Stahla B., Eden G., Jirotka M., Coeckelbergha M. 2014. From computer ethics to responsible research and innovation in ICT: The transition of reference discourses informing ethics-related research in information systems. Information Managemen [Online]t. Volume 51 (Issue 6), pp. 810-818. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.01.001 [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Spiekermann S. 2015. Ethical IT Innovation:A Value-Based System Design Approach [Online]. CRC Press. Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=WI3wCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=innovation+in+ict+%22computer+ethics%22+%2B2015ots=ivKwPbccBrsig=RQAoZ35DamuKvALJ9pIAFMLzajM#v=onepageqf=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017] Whitman M., Mattord H. 2012. Principles of Information Security. Cengage Learning Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=L3LtJAxcsmMCoi=fndpg=PR9dq=computer+ethics+information+systems+%2B2011ots=6WB3VRiMwPsig=AcnlUB99-VoE_d4gpxhI5CXxvzE#v=onepageq=computer%20ethics%20information%20systems%20%2B2011f=false. [Accessed 18th September, 2017]

Comparison Steel Cement Industries Of India â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Comparison Steel Cement Industries Of India? Answer: Introducation This analysis entails assessment of an organization capacity to settle all its short-term financial needs (Sharma Sharma, 2014). The key ratios that are used in measuring Gelato Industries liquidity level include current and quick ratios. Current ratio This ratio is used in measuring an organizations capacity in repaying all its short-term debt obligations such as salaries payables and accounting payables (Sharma Sharma, 2014). Here, a higher current ratio shows higher liquidity status of an organization while a lower one shows less liquidity status. Based on the financial information of Gelato Industries, it is evident that its current ratio for the financial year 2014 was 63,125/34375 = 1.84. The ratio is very significant in measuring an organizations short term liquidity and in measuring an organizations capacity to settle its short-term debts using quick assets (Sharma Sharma, 2014). With these considerations, Gelato Industries quick ratio for the financial year 2014 was (63,125-36,250)/34375 = 0.78. On overall, based on the current and quick ratio for the year 2014, it is clear that Gelato was financially liquid in that its current assets and quick ratio were relatively higher indicating its capacity to settle its short-term debts. Capital Structure Analysis This analysis is used in assessing financial growth and health of an organization (Akhtar, 2014). The analysis helps in measuring how an organization finances its operations and growth through different sources of finances. This ratio shows financial leverage of an organization. It usually indicates percentage of total assets that is financed by total liabilities (Arnold, 2011). Here, a higher debt ratio is said to shows greater leverage and high financing risk. With these considerations, Gelato Industries debt ratio for the financial year 2014 was70,313/140,625= 0.50. Interest coverage This ratio helps in evaluating how easily a given firm could pay off its interest expenses. It is computed by dividing operating profit (EBIT) by its interest expenses (Arnold, 2011). In essence, interest coverage helps in measuring number of times an organization could settle its outstanding debts by using its net profit. With these considerations, Gelato Industries interest coverage for the financial year 2014 was18,000/5,719= 3.15 On overall, given the fact that Gelato Industries debt ratio was relatively low, below 1, it can be stated that the company leverage is low and there is also low financing risk. On the other hand, given that its interest coverage was relatively high it is clear that Gelato is able to finance its interest expenses. Profitability analysis This analysis shows or indicates how an organization generates profits (AlEid, 2015). In essence, profitability analysis entails utilization of profitability ratios such as operating profit margin, ROE, ROA and asset turnover in evaluating profitability of the organization. Operating profit margin This ratio emanates proportion of an organizations revenue that is remaining after deduction of variable costs (AlEid, 2015). Thus, high operating margin is usually desirable for an organization in enabling paying fixed expenses like interest on debts, vital portion in improving its leverage and in building trust in investors. As a result, Gelato Industries operating profit margin for the financial year 2014 was 18,000/112,500= 0.16 or 16% This financial ratio is crucial to investors since it help in measuring an organizations success to generate income or profit for the benefit of the common shareholders (AlEid, 2015). As a result, Gelato Industries ROE for the financial year 2014 was 18,000/70,312*100%= 25.60%. The ROA is usually important in measuring organizations management efficiency in utilizing its assets to generate income (AlEid, 2015). Basically, ROA is used in measuring efficiency of an organization in its assets management. With these considerations, Gelato Industries ROA for the financial year 2014 was 18,000/140,625*100%= 12.80%. On overall, it can be stated that Gelato was profitable enough given that it had high ROE, ROA and operating profit margin. Basically, with a high ROE and ROA, it is evident that Gelato management is effective enough in generating income from assets and from shareholders equity. Asset management efficiency This analysis is used in assessing how efficiency and effectively an organization is in managing assets to generate revenue (AlEid, 2015). The key ratios used in assessing Gelato Industries asset management efficiency are inventory turnover, fixed assets turnover, asset turnover and average collection turnover The ratios is used in measuring the number of times assets could be used in accomplishing total turnover and is calculated by subdividing total sales by its total assets (AlEid, 2015). As from, Gelato Industries financial statements, it is evident that the company asset turnover for the financial year 2014 was 112,500/140,625= 0.80; Fixed asset turnover This ratio is used in assessing number of times an entitys fixed assets are used in accomplishing turnover and is calculated by subdividing total sales with its fixed assets (Sanghani, 2014). In essence, fixed asset turnover is useful in measuring how efficiently an organization utilizes its fixed assets in generating revenue or sales. It helps in measuring efficiency of an organizations operations. From Gelato Industries financial statements, it is evident that the company fixed asset turnover for the financial year 2014 was 112,500/77,500= 1.45. Inventory turnover It is utilized in assessing how many times inventories are converted or sold. This is computed by dividing an organizations COGS with its total inventories (Sanghani, 2014). A high number means that there is risk of stock-out. Based Gelato Industries financial statements, it is evident that the company inventory turnover for the financial year 2014 was 112,500/36,250= 3.10. Average collection period This ratio is used in measuring number of days it would take for an organization to collect amount on credit from debtors. Here, lower number is more preferred than higher number since it implies that the firm is getting its cash more quickly (Sanghani, 2014). The ratio is computed by dividing number of days in a year by receivable turnover. From the financial statements provided, it is evident that Gelato Industries average collection period for the financial year 2014 was 365/(112,500/15,625)= 50.69 days. Based on the asset management efficiency analysis above, it is evident that Gelato is efficient in managing its assets to generate sales. To be more specific, it is evident that the company is efficient on how it manages its receivable collection and asset utilization. Gelato Industries priceearnings, EPS as well as its market-to-book ratios Earnings per share also referred to as EPS is the proportion of an organizations profit that is allocated to every share outstanding. It usually serves as the signal of an organizations profitability (Sanghani, 2014). This ratio is crucial in determining the stock value. It is usually computed by dividing net income or profit by number of outstanding shares. Thus, in this case, Gelato industries EPS for the year 2015 = net profit/share outstanding = 22,884/5000= 4.58. The Price-earnings ratio is a crucial financial ratio that is used in assessing an organization by measuring its present share price in relation to its EPS. With these considerations, price-earnings ratio for Gelato would be= price per share/EPS =15/4.58=3.28. The market-to-book value or the price to book value is the financial ratio used in assessing an organizations current market value in relation to its book value. It is used in measuring an organizations market price relative to book value (Arbidane, 2015). Basically, it shows how much equity different investors are paying for every dollar in the total assets. Here, market value is usually the present stock price of all the outstanding share whole book value is usually the amount that is left in case an organization is liquidated. In essence, book value is equivalent to net assets of an organization (AlEid, 2015).Thus, market to book value of Gelato Industries is equal to = price per share divided by the book value or BV per share. The book value per share =different between assets and liabilities divided by share outstanding= (195,000-119535)/5000=75,465/5000=15.093. Thus, given that the book value per share is equal to 15.093, the market to book value for the company would be; price /BV = 15/15.093= 0.99 Description of financial condition and performance of Gelato Industries Based on sections a, b and c As from the analysis on section a and b above, it is evident that Gelato is performing relatively well in terms of its assets management and its capital structure. In addition, it is also clear that Gelato is profitable enough due to its high operating profit margin. The high ROA and ROE is also a clear signal of the profitability of the company in terms of equity and asset utilization to generate income. It is also evident from Gelato liquidity analysis that the company was having easier time in settling its short-term debt commitments. By looking at section c above particularly on the EPS results, it is evident that Gelato Industries was profitable enough. This is evidence by relatively high EPS which shows that there is high profit allocated to outstanding shares. Further, given that the P/E ratio for Gelato for the financial year 2015 was relatively high at 3.28, it is evident that Gelato is financially healthy. In essence, the high P/E ratio is a clear indication that Gelato Industries expect to post higher returns growth in future. Furthermore, the observations on the section c on P/E ratios show that the stock is currently overpriced. Further, based on the calculations in section c above, it is evident that Gelato Industries stocks are undervalued. This is evidence by the fact that its market to book value for the financial year 2015 was below 1. Warren Buffet on Investment Summary about Warren Buffet Warren Buffetts advices on investment are timeless. One might loss tract on investment or might make several investment mistakes, but all of them fall under different investment tips provided by Warren. The worlds greatest investor for a long time has never been at any time shy on strategies that assisted or aided him accumulate the $72 billion and his growing company, Bershire Hathaway, into the juggernaut prized at more than $212 billion (YouTube, 2017). Nonetheless, Warren does not encourage average individual investors in trying to mimic his key success. Key Points That Warren Makes In Relation To Investment In his YouTube featuring interviews, a number of points that Warren makes in relations to investments. Some of these issues include advice on the worst investment one can make. In his commentary, the worst investment one can make is investing in cash over time. Basically, individuals always tend to keep sufficient cash so as to feel comfortable, but this is not necessarily because they like cash (YouTube, 2017). The second point is that to be a successful investor, one should focus on competition as well. In his commentary, Warren stated that in case one is determined in picking stocks, s/he should not venture in those businesses s/he does not understand. Thus, from his advices, it is good for one to take time to under a given business before making any investment move. Further, it is good while making any investment to have trust in oneself. One has to divorce himself from all greed and fears of individuals around them. This makes it easier for them to make better investments (YouTu be, 2017) References Akhtar, N. (2014). Impact of efficient management of working capital on profitability: chemical companies listed at the KSE.Pakistan Business Review, 333. AlEid, A. B. M. (2015).A Financial Statement Analysis on Three Major Construction Companies in the UAE (Arabtec Holding PJSC, Drake Scull PJSC and Emaar Properties PJSC)(Doctoral dissertation, The British University in Dubai (BUiD)). Arbidane, I. (2015). Management of current assets in the context of increasing the Enterprises Profitability. InProceedings of the 10th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Volume II(Vol. 27, p. 34). Arnold, T. (2011). Putting Ratios into a Firm Value Context for Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship Students.The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance,15(2), 23. Sanghani, D. A. (2014). The Effect of Liquidity on the Financial accounting Performance of Non-Financial Companies Listed At the Nairobi Securities Exchange.Unpublished MBA Project. Sharma, V., Sharma, R. (2014). Relationship between working capital management and profitability: A comparison of steel and cement industries of India.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,4(8), 211. YouTube. (2017). Warren Buffet Best Advice on Successful Investing: Retrieved at 19th September 2017 from; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5VQPIeZhMc YouTube. (2017). Warren Buffet Financial Rules to Live By: Retrieved at 19th September 2017 from; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUAtVyWS_4Y YouTube. (2017). Warren Buffet on Why Hell Never Sell a Share of Coke Stock: Retrieved at 19th September 2017 from; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4p1_5bZ8I4M

Marketing mix of Corolla Toyota car

Cyber Communication Essays

Cyber Communication Essays Cyber Communication Paper Cyber Communication Paper Essay Topic: Cyber Bullying These perverted people searched through chat rooms of innocent people and got them to give away personal information. Cyber communication through cell phones is also a big problem among teens. About 25 percent of American tens text in school, this leads to grades decreasing. Setting is also another major problem in the world. The laws on setting are so strict to where you can go to Jail for many years If caught. Many teenagers these days try to get nude pictures from their girlfriend/ boyfriend. What these teens do not know is that having these pictures is a federal offense. Two kids at my school just this year have already gotten into trouble for having inappropriate pictures on their phone. One student got nine days of out of school suspension and the other got kicked out of school. I consider these people to be lucky because one article stated that a girl named Jesse Logan committed suicide over setting. She was a happy teenager until her world turned upside down when her boyfriend broke up with her. Her boyfriend sent the nude pictures of herself to everybody through email and text. Once the students of the school got these pictures they emotionally attacked her. This was so overwhelming that she started to skip class because of it. She eventually hanged herself at the age of eighteen (Mike Celiac). The people of my generation are sophomoric and do not want to believe that they are doing anything wrong. However It Is not Just only teens that are setting It Is the older generations that are starting to sextet too. Setting Just needs to stop period. The cell phone Is a great Invention dont get me wrong but It Is meant for adults to use not little kids who have no idea what they are doing. Every year I see kids younger and younger get cell phones and it Just drives me off the wall. Just the other day I walked into the elementary school right across the street and saw a kid testing on a cell phone. Little kids do not need to get a phone until they are at least in the eighth grade. I believe this because when I got my first phone I was In the sixth grade and I would only use my phone a couple of times until I was In the eighth grade. Also kids this young do not know what they should and shouldnt tell people. 35 per cent of teens use their cell phones to boost test scores or school grades (http:// YMMV. Monotone. Com/article/19696. HTML). Cell phones are also distractions for kids. They distract them in school and even when they are on the road and driving. In fact 46% of tens text while driving (http://vim. Artlessness. Com/business-ideas-articles/ statistics-on-testing-784182. HTML), This Is dangerous because It Is one of the leading causes In car accidents In teenage rolling. Its not only ten teenagers Tanat text Ana drive my own dad does it and it drives me crazy. Cell phones are a great invention but people need to learn when and when not to use them. Cyber bullying is a big part of a teenagers life today.

Introduction to Criminal Law and Legal studies Essay - 1

Introduction to Criminal Law and Legal studies - Essay Example The High Court judges are obligated by rulings of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal. On the other hand, inferior courts, such as the magistrates’ court and county courts, do not possess any binding power over the other courts (Robinson, 1997, p. 81). England’s and Wales’s Courts of Justice are the criminal and civil courts accountable to the justice administration in England and Wales (Fletcher, 1998, p. 71). England and Wales have a single legal system. In England and Wales, the Supreme Court holds the highest position in virtually all cases (Fletcher, 1998, p. 71). 2) The Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Communities Act 1972 have particular standing in the United Kingdom. It will be the duty of the higher courts to evaluate conformity to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), and the duty of all UK courts to make sure that trials are in agreement with its pledges (Carson, 2009, p. 24). Any circumstance in which the individual comes into contact with the state will be influenced by the Human Rights Act. The domestic law in the UK has been largely influenced by the European Convention on Human Rights (Gardner & Anderson, 2005, p. 112). This has had the consequence that the courts in the UK now bear a responsibility to interpret the statues and the common law in a manner that, where feasible, the UK law is in harmony with the European Convention on Human Rights (Gardner & Anderson, 2005, p. 112).

Communication strategy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Communication strategy - Term Paper Example Purpose for the communication strategy B. Mission of the company C. Situation analysis D. Business objectives E. Communication goals and objectives F. Key themes and messages G. Conclusion and recommendation Through the sections listed above, a strategy based on internal communication, media relations and partners-stakeholders communication is presented. Thank you. A. Purpose Due to globalization and rapid economic growth, multinational firms are becoming very prevalent. Due to this, managers are faced by intercultural communication challenges. According to Hofstede (1980), culture is the software of the mind and as such it has the ability to influence behaviors and thinking patterns of people. The way people function and interact in their day to day lives is a product of mental conditioning. . According to Steyn (2000), communication offers the only way by which team members can work together to achieve the goals of an organization. B. Mission This plan aims at increasing the brand awareness of the company’s merchandise in the Canadian market. The company has garnered a lot of success in Russia and Finland has not ventured much into the Canadian market. The company thus intends to penetrate the Canadian sports industry by supplying hockey sticks. The company has already signed contracts with various Canadian sporting goods chains that will begin selling their merchandise in February 2014. While the Canadian stores will handle the point-of-sale marketing, it is important for the company to raise awareness of its goods in Canada thus creating the foundation for a strong market share. C. Situation Analysis The most important issue affecting the company is the lack of an effective marketing base in Canada. While the company has had some success in other company, entry to a new market with vastly different cultural background may prove difficult. Basically, the company has to contend the cultural gap between the two countries while also proving that their me rchandise is up to par. By instituting these changes, the company itself will experience substantial growth. Communication effectiveness will also make it easier for point-of-sale marketing efforts to progress much better. Internal communication in the company is also set to improve thus improving the overall position of the company. Some of the communication issue that the company wishes to address re as follows. First, the company has to improve communication between the parent company in Pohang, Korea and various partners all over Canada. The second communication issue is raising the awareness of the Canadian market on the company’s merchandise. Finally, the company seeks to set up an effective communication channel with its shareholders thus ensuring the financing of marketing efforts progresses smoothly. At the moment, the company has access to a lot many communication infrastructures. The advent of the internet has enabled communication efforts to be simplified at a che aper price. National media such as newspapers, television and stadium electronic boards provide another avenue the company can utilize. The implementation of the company’s communication efforts is best implemented by the Canadian section of the company. The company can utilize its various partners in Canada in order to develop an effective communications team that has a better grasp of the Canadian economic and social scene. The communication strategies employed will only be deemed successful if the

Civil Liberties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Civil Liberties - Essay Example In Soering v UK2 the court held that, "In interpreting the Convention, regard must be had to its special character as a treaty for the collective enforcement of human rights and fundamental freedoms Thus, the object and purpose of the Convention as an instrument for the protection of individual human beings require that its provisions be interpreted and applied so as to make its safeguards practical and effective." Judicial interpretation faces evolving challenges due to the advances in information and communication technologies. The principle of legality is pertinent as interference with Article 8 is to be limited to what is legal. The legal basis for restricting Convention rights have to be identified and established by referring to domestic law. The principle of proportionality constitutes a second key principle and the court while deciding the proportionality of a restriction will take into account whether sufficient relevant reasons sustaining such constraints have been adduced; are less restrictive options available; whether a equitable procedure is adopted in the decision-making process; do safeguards against abuse exist and whether these restrictions obliterate the Convention right. The extent of the obligation to promote "respect for private life", has been determined by the Strasbourg court by applying the doctrine of margin of appreciation, which accepts that different contracting states have different cultural and societal standards. Hence, it accepts that local authorities in these states are mo re competent than an international court to decide about the aptness of specific procedures. In Marckz v Belgium3 the court adopted a novel approach to the status of illegitimate children, which had been adopted by most of the contracting states. The principle of proportionality and the doctrine of margin of appreciation are very important. Security agencies have collectively stated that despite significant disparities in resource implications in servicing the structures set up to deal with dangerous terrorist suspects, these result not from the Human Rights Act, but from decisions of the Strasbourg Court in cases such as Chahal4. Further, their conviction is that the courts' approach to Article 8 has not resulted in any difficulties, as interference with the right to privacy has been permitted wherever national security is at stake. The Human Rights Act provides that a public authority can interfere with an individual's rights if required by a democratic society and that such interference has to be minimal. Hence, this act requires the courts to strike a balance between the individual's rights and the interests of society as a whole. 2. Assume that the Department for Constitutional Affairs has established a working group to reflect on the impact the Human Rights Act 1998 has had on the development of human rights law in domestic law. The working group has commissioned you to prepare a report into the following questions. (a) To what extent does section 2 of the Human Rights Act make the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights relevant in domestic courts Section 2 states that a court considering a question

Globalisation Impact On Institution Of Family In India Sociology Essay

Globalisation Impact On Institution Of Family In India Sociology Essay The term globalisation is a buzzword emerged in the 1990s and refers to a trend and process of variety of political, economic and socio-cultural consequences, resulting from technological changes that are currently transforming the world. Many commentators however focus upon economic aspects of globalisation. Sociologists feel that though the economic content of globlisation cannot be neglected but its socio-cultural dimensions also requires emphasis. Sociologists argue that globalisation refers to both the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole.  [1]  In this paper, I made an attempt to discuss the sociological nuances of the globalisation by using family in India as the basis. Family Meaning and Definition Family is the vital primary group of all forms of human groups. The word family has been derived from Roman term famulus which means servant. According to Mac Iver, family is a group defined by a sex relationship sufficiently precise and enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing of children.  [2]  Parker and Anderson defines family as a Socially organised unit of people related to each other by kinship, marital and legal ties.  [3]  For Arnold and Green, it is an institutionalized social group charged with duty of population replacement. American Bureau of Census defined family as a group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage or adoptions and residing together.  [4]  Such persons are considered as members of one family. Family being a primary social group came into existence in order to satisfy the need for protection, sexual urge and economic desires. It is not of a sudden origin but evolved from times and passed through certain stages. Mating relationship, form of marriage, system of nomenclature, common habitation, economic provision to satisfy needs, emotional basis, universality, limited in size, influential group and as an instrument of social regulation are considered as salient features of family. Family in India Most striking feature of Indian family system is the existence of joint family system. In a joint family not only parents and children but their brothers and sisters also live in the common household. Sometimes it may include ascendants and collaterals up to many generations. The joint family in India exhibits certain features like largeness in size, owning of joint property, sharing of common residence, practising of common religion and mutual rights and obligations. Globalisation and Family Today, globalisation is a buzzword which everyone talks of as per his or her need. The term globalisation acquired a contextual meaning and projected as a powerful process of growth that has potential of all round development of human beings. The different aspects of globalisation economic, political, social and cultural have important implications for human life, including the family life. In a globalised world, the economy is supposed to be characterized by open, liberal, free market and free trade with few or no regulatory barriers. Therefore, all the developing countries are in a race to increase their share in world trade. Greater mobility takes place in economic capital and materials, when trade and business of a country increases. However, this factum of mobility is not confined to economic capital but also extend to human capital which leads to change in values and culture. Changes in human values and institutions (including the family) occurs when there is scope for greater mobility of people and more interactions among people of different cultures. The role of mass media and communication technology cannot be ignored in changing the socio cultural values. The world is shrinking to a global village and its people are becoming closer and closer. Thus globalisation has a profound influence on all walks of human life including personal and family life. In this paper, I have attempted to explore the consequences of globalisation on the institution of family in India. This paper will deal with the fast changing modern families in the urban centers of India. In the past few decades, industrialization, urbanization, globalisation and rapid growth of information technology have produced myriad challenges and made a powerful impact on different segments of societies everywhere. Since globalisation has not only economic aspect but also social cultural and political implications, any of its outcome has to be assessed in terms of how it is influencing the relationships and cultural life in a society. Impact of Globalisation of Indian Family system Traditionally, in India, the basic unit of society was not individual but the joint family. Ever since independence, Indian Society has undergone and continues to undergo great change in every walk of life. By enacting number of laws an attempt is made to change social, working and living conditions of people. The impact of globalisation on Indian family can be viewed in two different ways. Some argues that in the era of economic restructuring the institution of family is emerging as a much stronger institution than ever before; others argue that family is becoming progressively weak due to globalisation and individualism is growing up. Peadar Kirby, who refers family as a social asset opines that far from being able to protect vulnerable people against risk, families themselves are experiencing considerable stress and requires assistance.  [5]   Increasing mobility of younger generation in search of new employment and educational opportunities allegedly weakened the family relations. The family bondings and ties started loosening due to physical distance as it rendered impracticable for members of family to come together as often as earlier. This affected the earlier idealized nation of family as the caring and nurturing unit for children, the sick and elderly. Another striking impact is a gradual change took place in the family structure from joint / extended families to nuclear family pattern. The small or nuclear families almost all have replaced the joint family. One can hardly found any joint family in the urban India. The traditional authority structure i.e. head of the family i.e. father / grandfather/karta started loosing his authority to the bread winner of the family. Even within the nuclear family one can witness the changing marital roles and distributions of power. Total subordination of women to men and strict disciplinarian / hitlarian role of father towards children are also changing. Younger generation, particularly those with higher education and jobs, are no longer believe in total surrender of their individual interests to family interest. The individualism is increasing even within the family structure. The increasing costs of education, health services and new job opportunities opened up for the women outside the house once again brought the role of family into question. Change is a social phenomenon and no society can remain static. Society changes according to time, wishes and needs of its subjects. Speed and extent of change differs from Society to society. Currently, India is one of the rapidly changing societies and appears to be in forefront to follow and adopt western styles of family life. The role of family which earlier used to occupy ziant size in a mans life now started shrinking. In view of increasing materialism, consumerism, younger generations are leading entirely a different way of life. In the process of finding their partners / mates, younger generations are depending mostly on internet marriage sites like Shadi.com, Bharat Matrimony. Family involvement in finding a groom / bride is reduced to nominal. Apart from regular festivals, new occasion like Valentines day, Mothers day, Fathers day are emerging. Weekend parties, kitty parties, visiting pubs and discos almost became a very natural thing. More and more job opportunities creat ed through BPOs, KPOs and Call Centers have facilitated this freedom of enjoyment. The ever increasing higher education and job opportunities opened up due to globalisation have largely influenced the Indian families particularly in urban metros. Going to America / London / Australia either for higher studies or for employment became a norm. It is also not uncommon for a boy or girl who went to abroad (either for higher studies or for job) to marry a foreigner and settle down there. Even most of married men and women are going to foreign countries by leaving their spouses, parents and kids in India. This has contributed to a fundamental change in the nation of ideal traditional joint family concept. Not only a structural but also functional transformation of family system took place. Marriages are no more made in heaven but on internet. Married men and women are staying separately at far off places on account of their jobs which are providing lucrative pay packets and financial security. Apart from this, single living, single parents (person who had children beyond wed lock) and living together without any formal marriage are also found in the society. Not only the conjugal relationships but also the parent children relationships has also undergone a tremendous change. In most of the working couple families, parents are not able to devote time to meet and interact with their children. Working in night-shifts became a norm in BPO, KPO and call centre jobs. By the time parents reach their homes, children are either fast asleep or already left for their schools. Behavioural problems are cropping-up among the children due to lack of interaction and proper guidance by parents. It is often said that as we send out children to crà ¨ches they in turn send us to old age homes. The pattern of change that took place in family dining is also worth observing. Neither children nor parents are interested in having traditional break-fast items like Idli/Dosa/Chapatti/Roti/Parantha on account of paucity of time. Most of the children are interested in having junk foods like pizzas, burgers, chips, wafers and snacks. The change in eating habits are making the younger generation proned to obesity and other health problems. At one point of time, eating outside was considered as a taboo which now became a regular practice. Most of the urban families hang out at restaurants and fast food centers like pizza Hut, Mc Donalds, KFC, atleast once a weak. Having dinner while watching Television or chatting on computer became a very common thing in most of the households. The institution of family is undergoing dramatic change in India. in Southern States like Keral, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, it is a common feature that families send their son or daughter to foreign countries for advanced studies as a mode of investment. Once the boy / girl completes their studies and gets job, they start sending money to their homes in India which is often used in education or carrer development of siblings or relatives with these remittances of money, family in India also enjoys a spacious house, luxury cars and heavy bank balances. Conclusion Benefeld once pointed out that most depressing aspect of globalisation theory is that human beings are on the whole ignored.  [6]  Globalisation transformed man as materialistic and self-centered. Economic risks generate various forms of social risks such as unemployment and poverty and financial crisis. Despite of increase in material wealth and living standards, life is becoming a daily struggle due to high competition. Family who earlier used to take care of its vulnerable members is no more in a position to serve. Advantage of family and its values as prevailing in India can not be ignored. At the same time, acceptance or rejection of traditional values of hierarchy depends on the experiences shared by each family.

The Existence Of God Essay -- Religion, Theology, Philosophy, logic

The existence of God has long been a topic of debate. It is the ultimate topic of discussion, as everyone seems to have an opinion on it. I will look at the traditional arguments for the existence of God, the ones that have stood the test of time, and find out how convincing the arguments really are by looking at each one in turn, analysing the logic behind each argument, and finally looking at its criticisms and the responses to the criticisms. The first argument for the existence of God I will look at is the cosmological argument, more commonly known as the "First Cause" argument. It is attributed to Saint Thomas Aquinas, a 13th century philosopher. The basic premise is that for the Universe to exist, something must have caused it to exist in the beginning. The conclusion to this premise, argues Saint Thomas, is that God created the Universe, as he is the only thing eternal. The unstated premises in this argument are that an eternal entity is required to create the universe, and that God is the only thing eternal. The history of time in the universe is often likened to a stack of dominoes falling on one another and causing a chain reaction down the line of dominoes. They did not start falling by themselves, as something must have triggered the very first one. In the First Cause argument, it is God that created the Universe and hence was the first cause. This argument even allows for the Big Bang theory, stating that God ca used the Big Bang. This is a popular argument because it allows religion and science to co-exist in one theory. In fact, the Big Bang theory helps the First Cause argument because it shows that the Universe did in fact begin at a point in time, meaning that there must have been a first cause. Bertrand Rus... ...of these planets. However, this does not explain the apparent convenience of Universe's natural laws for organic life. This can be explained in another theory, which states that there are multiple Universes, a "multiverse", and that we are simply in the Universe whose natural laws support life. Out of all the arguments and criticisms I have looked at, none have been proven in such a way that any of them are self-evident, and none show truly sound arguments. Some arguments are valid, and some have true (by induction, mainly) premises, but none can be shown to prove the existence of God without doubt using logic. These arguments should not be used as proofs of the existence of non-existence of God, they could simply be used to support a person's particular opinion. However, they should be used carefully as fallacies are committed in all of them.

Integrative Paper on The Family Crucible’s Brice Family Essay

The origin of family therapy can be traced back to a period in the mid-1900’s when focus shifted from individual psychoanalysis towards the correlation of psychological problems and family structure and relationships. It began when the psychoanalytical setting became insufficient to address some cases where the involvement of other members of the family was a greatly influential factor. It has long been established that humans as social beings are greatly affected by these interpersonal relationships. For instance a significant amount of visits to psychotherapists are due to marriage and family problems. When mental illnesses are present with no biological of such, it is also the family that is first assessed. Freudian theories focus very much on familial relationships as well. All of these developments offered new suggestions for therapy (Long, 1996). One technique that arose, for example was the â€Å"conjoint family therapy†. Here, sessions are videotaped or observed behind one way screens. Another was holding meetings with other families, called â€Å"multiple family groups†. Eventually, these gave birth to family therapy, which is now only about forty years old. The family, as a person’s immediate environment, was therefore presented as the most basic social unit. Since each one has its own set of values, rules and principles, we can analyze the role and interactions within the family, and use this analysis in a broader context- the community. Underneath the light and conversational tone that Napier and Whitaker (1988) use in their book, The Family Crucible, are fundamental concepts and approaches that can be helpful in understanding family therapy. It narrates the story of how the Brice family’s conflicts were resolved by encouraging interaction among all five members and solving issues in the parents’ marriage. The Brice family is composed of David, the father who is a VIP lawyer, Carolyn, an angry mother, their teenage daughter Claudia, and their two other children, Laura and Don. The story was also able to present the way some problems may dynamically affect each member of the family- a misunderstanding or imbalance of family roles, for example, or excessive child focus that may lead to a couple’s unhappiness. Among other concepts presented too are blaming, family life cycle stages, polarization and reciprocity. For some time, the idea that Whitaker’s charismatic personality, and not really his theory, seemed accurate in the solving of the family problem. Without a formal education or training in therapy, Whitaker started developing his theories as he began a research on how to treat schizophrenia using â€Å"aggressive play therapy†, after which he invested in developing other methods that could be applied in cases other than schizophrenia. For example, he used a form of pyknolepsy, where he would dream about himself and his patient during a session. This would show what their relationship was like and would be used as part of the therapy (Whitaker, 1981). He also said that in using a technique, a therapist also develops himself, with the patient as a conciliator. However, some of the points in the book can definitely suggest otherwise. For example, spontaneity in the family was seen as a sign of trust and good communication lines, an element that family therapy aims to measure. Where there is a free exchange of ideas, it becomes easier for members to bring up and solve issues, which, if swept under the rug, can only pile up and become a cause of angst. In another book by Whitaker (1981), he emphasizes how normal families should not add up to each other’s stress. Another characteristic of a family in good shape is a certain freedom or flexibility in roles whenever certain changes occur. A member’s role should not be one that is strictly defined, but rather one that results from the conditions that the family is in, including their values, culture and needs, which can change at a given time. I personally saw their insistence that all members of the Brice family be present during the therapy as impressive. When Carolyn, the mother, started showing signs of impatience about their son Don’s tardiness, she wanted to begin the therapy without him already. However, the therapists saw the need to treat the family as a whole, especially since their â€Å"demand to have the whole family in† is the start of their â€Å"battle for structure† (p. 204).   Family therapy has developed is a clinical methodology that revolves around the hypothesis that psychological distress can be assessed through the observation of human relations. It also capitalizes on the assumption that every member of the system affects or influences each other and the system. And while other cases may require individual therapy based on the individuality of the patient, some cases need to involve the whole family when the nature of the issue is much connected with it. Even though Carolyn insists that â€Å". . . Don isn’t the problem. The problem has to do with Claudia (p. 6)† or Claudia identifies herself as â€Å"it†, the fact remains that as a family, Claudia affects her siblings and parents, just as much as she affects them. Furthermore, the purpose of family therapy, like all other forms of therapy, is to create a therapeutic experience, and that experience will not be felt as a family if one is absent. The therapists constantly created activities like playing for the children in order to create such an experience and to later on suggest and have improvement. Later on, even the grandparents become involved in the therapy. They were asked to come as consultants during sessions, especially since they have know the Brice family better and can help in observing or assessing them. I believe that the intervening approach used by Napier and Whitaker proved to be appropriate for the Brice family. The way confusion, awkwardness and silence were utilized to â€Å"unbalance† the family was also impressive. When the question â€Å"When did you divorce your husband and marry the children?† was straightforwardly asked to Carolyn, Whitaker also displayed a sense of professionalism in the sense that he put the method of using Carolyn’s â€Å"unbalance† over the want to be liked by the client. Perhaps this emphasizes that during therapy, the therapist’s self-development and maturity is essential as well. Observable too is the movement of the therapy from one stage to another, where the need for structure was identified and addressed during the first one, role playing and interaction were done during the second one to improve relationships especially that of the parents’, and finally, the therapists saw the family functioning independently as one unit. However, it is also important to note that while these techniques were effective for the Brice family, they may not have the same results on other families. For example, the technique of â€Å"unbalancing† the family, though seen as an unnecessary stressor, is a risky step to take. If the purpose of such straightforwardness is not seen by the client, or if the dislike towards therapist grows to deter the progress of the session, unwanted consequences could arise. A thorough initial assessment of the family, therefore, is necessary. Using the technique of co-therapy also seemed successful here, mainly due to the fact that Napier and Whitaker, after having been together in other cases, know how to work efficiently already. They even called this co-therapy a â€Å"professional marriage†. Nevertheless, the need for initial assessment is again emphasized as having to share your problems with two therapists can appear to be intimidating to some families, and can stir up some hesitation. BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Long, P. W. (1996). Family therapy. Retrieved June 18, 2009 from http://accg.net/family_therapy.htm Napier, A. Y. & Whitaker, C. (1988). The family crucible: The intense experience of family therapy. New York: Harper Collins Publishers. Whitaker, C. A. (1981). Symbolic-experiential family therapy. In A. S. Gurman, & D. P. Knistern (eds.), Handbook of family therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

A Very Short Story Research Paper Example

A Very Short Story Research Paper Example A Very Short Story Paper A Very Short Story Paper The story Eve read is called A very short story. It Is written by Ernest Hemingway. He was an American writer and Journalist. Hemingway style was significant as he was brief and straight-forward. His subject matter Is love, war, wildness and loss. Most of his works are biographical, and this story Is not an exception. Let me pass on to the analysis Itself. As for the title, In direct meaning It refers to the small size of the story, but indirectly it refers to transient of human relationship. Speaking about the homes, they are first love experience, devotion and treachery, illusion of first love and reality. The main one is the theme of love of a man and a woman, which was lost because of the ruined dreams and betrayal. The main idea is that the one should be careful in choosing the object of love. Now let me pass on the plot of the story. Being wounded during the WWW young soldier met a nurse and they fell in love. Having returned to the front, their relationships were developing, they planned to get planned. Having returned to the USA, he found out the girl cheated on him (had an affair). Speaking about composition, exposition reveals the setting and mall characters of the story. We find the conflict when the couple separated from each other. The climax reveals when Lug had an affair with the major and denouement Is showed when the mien hero had an affair with another girl. So, It means that sex and love are different things and they have nothing in common. The story is narrated from the first point of view. It is interesting to note that the author didnt give the name of the man only the name of the woman. It means he was one of many but she was the only one of all women. Speaking about discourse types, narration is prevailing. It brings the reader through the chain of events and gives us an opportunity to experience the feelings and emotions of the main characters. As for characters, the author describes them indirectly. Id like to start with the soldier. He was young, desperate and very kind. He fell in love with Lug and wanted to marry her in order to show that she belonged to him. Maybe, his love to Lug was based on the felling of gratitude, because she saved his life. Nevertheless, It was strong felling. It was understood he would not drink, and he did not want to see his friend or anyone n the States. Only to get a job and be married this shows he was truly in love with her and wanted to spend the rest of his life with her even if it meant he has to give up all these liberties. He felt seek at the moment of separation, he tried to Justify her betrayal and he attempted to forgive her with another women. Lug was determined women. She was devoted to her lover, she wrote him lots of letters, but he wasnt able to answer them. The syntactical repetition (how it was impossible to get along with him and how terrible it was missing him at night) shows her true linings. She loved him, but didnt go to the USA and considered it would be better for him without her. However, she became the victim of her passion and had an affair with the major. The stylistic device antithesis skillfully used by Ernest Hemingway: and she expected, absolutely unexpectedly, to be married In the spring. We understood that she changed her planes after the war. Describing the relationship between Lug and the soldier, the author uses the repetition of word bed shows that church and prayed. It means their relationship had spiritual foundation. At the end f the story, the author creates depressed atmosphere, using the epithets muddy, rainy townÐ’Â », Ð’Â «it was lonely and rainy there to describe that something bad will happen. We observe that the author makes use of the colloquial style avoiding professionalisms and pompous bookish words and phrases. Hemingway resorts to the language of everyday life and his choice of words is very limited. In conclusion Id like to note, thought this story rather short, its still well-structured. It was interesting to follow the plot. I think that this story leaves much room for meditation especially about the theme of first love.

Stephen Edwin King - The King Of Terror

Stephen Edwin King - The King Of Terror The King of TerrorStephen Edwin King is one of today's most popular and best selling writers.King combines the elements of psychological thrillers, science fiction, the paranormal,and detective themes into his stories. In addition to these themes, King sticks tousing great and vivid detail that is set in a realistic everyday place. Stephen Kingwho is mainly known for his novels, has broadened his horizons to different types ofwritings such as movie scripts, nonfiction, autobiographies, children's books, and shortstories. While Stephen King might be best known for his novels The Stand and It, someof his best work that has been published are his short stories such as "The Body" and"Quitters Inc". King's works are so powerful because he uses his experience andobservations from his everyday life and places them into his unique stories.Stephen Edwin King was born in Portland, Maine, on September 21, 1947, at theMaine General Hospital.Stephen King at the Harvard Book Store.Stephen, his mot her Nellie, and his adopted brother David wereleft to fend for themselves when Stephen's father Donald, a Merchant Marine captain,left one day, to go the store to buy a pack of cigarettes, and never returned. Hisfathers leaving had a big indirect impact on King's life. In the autobiographical workDanse Macabre, Stephen King recalls how his family life was altered: "After my fathertook off, my mother, struggled, and then landed on her feet." My brother and I didn'tsee a great deal of her over the next nine years. She worked a succession of continuouslow paying jobs." Stephen's first outlooks on life were influenced by his older brotherand what he figured out on his own. While young Stephen and his family moved aroundtheNorth Eastern and Central United States. When he was seven...

The Jungle by Sinclair Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Jungle by Sinclair - Research Paper Example Though being classified as a naturalistic novel, it has been argued by many that the tone is one of interpretation and not of description (Taylor, 171- 172). In this paper, a great deal has been focused on physiological aspects. Sinclair’s perspectives, observation, outlook, presentation, etc are dealt with. Also, adequate amount of emphasis is given upon characterization in The Jungle. My psychological traits are described and compared with that of another major character of the story, the protagonist himself. Besides analyzing the similarities in character sketch of the protagonist, limitations of his character are also dealt upon. Jurgis, as a character is not almost perfect, but flawed in some aspects according to my point of view. At the same time, drawbacks of other characters are also sorted out. While doing so, we come to know about his inspirations, real facts about Lithuania, metaphors used, cultures and lifestyles of the inhabitants associated with meatpacking indus try in Chicago, etc. the final impression is one of awe and pity towards the suffering characters in The Jungle. 1) PSYCHOLOGY OF SINCLAIR: creation of authors mind It is not easy to trace the psychological flow of thoughts Sinclair had while composing this story. The plot of the story is a mixture of various elements and gives an aura of realist- utopian narrative. Like the ‘Souls of Black Folk’, Do Bois Sinclair’s motive can be divided as Preaching, the Picture and the Frenzy (Wienen, 166) The central figure, the protagonist was highlighted in the first theme because Sinclair wanted to highlight the voice of rebel within the Lithuanian community. That is what Jurgis becomes towards the end of the narrative. He wanted his character to take his steps slowly towards supremacy and power. In the music theme, Sinclair explored the true spirit of Lithuanian culture and society. In the last theme, the negative passion and its appeal was spread among various social clas ses (Bloom, 77) Sinclair had three chief objectives in his mind. Firstly, he wanted to bring out the pathetic conditions of the Lithuanians immigrants in US. Secondly, he wanted to hold the capitalist system responsible. Thirdly, Sinclair was an ardent follower of socialism. It was his belief that only socialism could bring the required change. The â€Å"body and soul† of the protagonist is saved when he has completely surrendered himself amidst a Socialist rally. Despair, anguish, exploitation and disillusionment of the contemporary world have been projected through the unfortunate life led by Jurgis. He loses his wife, his son, his father remains an invalid, and Ona’s cousin becomes a drug addict and prostitute, and finally seeks peace in a socialist meeting. What Sinclair emphasizes is the capability of the â€Å"egalitarian and democratic spirit† to end chaos and bring about reformation (Wienen, 165- 166). Approach towards ethnicity: Sinclair was aware of th e cultural distinctiveness of the Lithuanians, as he was aware of the â€Å"intrinsic value† of one’s self. On several occasions he had merged this with the cultural identity by equaling the self with others who share a common heritage and identity. More so, ethnicity is projected as collective cultural identity. What Sinclair endeavors is to put the roots of identity into firm grounds. This is the reason why Sinclair fabricated several ethnic bonds within the story. Thus, we can find contrasts

Can the aesthetic give us insights into the nature of International Essay

Can the aesthetic give us insights into the nature of International politics How - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of aesthetics as the philosophical branch of inquiry that deals with principles underlying and guiding the work of art, beauty, perception, and appreciation. As a philosophy, aesthetics refers to the study of sensory values. Aesthetics deals more with seeing and sensing the world due to its ability to assume sensory levels and collective agreements regarding a contemporary matter such as international politics and beauty. Since aesthetic depends on factors like time and culture, this research paper will seek to assess whether aesthetic us the insights into the nature of international politics. It will resolve to determine, if yes, how it can give those insights. Since aesthetics is a philosophical branch studying creations, it can help us get insights into international politics since there are created and formed organizations, corporations, and societies internationally. The whole globe is feasible through created worldwide international communication systems regulated by international organizations like International Telecommunication Union, Universal Postal Union, and Intergovernmental Copyright Committee that exercises worldwide connection and integration by means of radio broadcasting, televising material, transferred mails, and books. The world also composes of created global systems of transportation that involves international airlines that operate under the watch of International Civil Aviation Organization. Additionally, the world, through formation, has internationally regulated social norms that encompass a variety of states and international groups’ interaction. All these integral relations show the will of aesthetic in international politics because aesthetic provides a strategic platform for philosophical evaluation of sensory values (Holloway and Beck, 2005:79). As a result, diplomats and signatories are undertaking the policy of creating international value for each other’s potent abili ty. Aesthetics revolve around our senses and our responses towards objects, ideas, and agreements. Therefore, it is giving us insights into international politics since we can see, hear, and feel the sense of international relations where nations are formalizing many structural expectations, involving written international agreements and contracts or treaties bearing and defining the obligations and rights of the cosigners. The most recent philosophical research shows that, aesthetic is making it possible for us to have insights on international politics since it is presenting us with philosophical beauty of determining the importance of international organization. We can objectively point out that, through aesthetic, the world can see international representation of groups through formalization of balanced capabilities, interests, and members wills (Constantinou and Oliver, 2008:118). By use of this sense, we can understand that, an internationally created group is a point of equil ibrium where a balance of values and

Cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cloning - Essay Example ifferent contexts in biological research but in its most simple and strict sense, it refers to a precise genetic copy of a molecule, cell, plant, animal, or human being. In some of these contexts, cloning refers to established technologies that have been part of agricultural practice for a very long time and currently form an important part of the foundations of modern biological research† (Nussbaum & Sunstein, 1998, p. 1). Although this method has created many live successes, it has proved significantly less likely to generate successful instances of pregnancy than those conceived naturally via sexual intercourse. Additionally, the majority of cloned mammals have had some form of birth defect. Mammals do not replicate their own DNA through the natural process. This occurs only by cloning which presents both scientific and ethical implications. â€Å"The prospect of such replication for humans has resulted in the most controversial debate about reproduction ever to be taken up in western civilization† (McGee, 2001). Plants create offspring through replication by the natural method. When mammals replicate DNA by artificial means the practice is complex both technically and socially speaking. Those who are in opposition to cloning humans contend that this unnatural form of reproduction has a tremendous potential for basing dubious procreation decisions with regard to the genetic engineering of children. Their worry is that the traditional family is in jeopardy of evolving in a bizarre, unfamiliar and socially undesirable direction. Supporters of cloning procedures say that it may possibly, among other attributes, serve society as a valuable alternative infertility treatment. The cloning of animals has provoked the debate regarding the social, legal and ethical aspects concerning human cloning. Because of failure rate as compared to the customary conception method in animal testing, scholars, scientists and politicians usually agree that human experiments

Public Relations in college Athletics Essay Example for Free

Public Relations in college Athletics Essay Public relations play important role in linking college athletics with other colleges and news media. It represents college athletics related issues to media level. Public relation is responsible for handling all communication and information exchange between the college and athletics and media. It also promotes and develop relations with other colleges and universities.   Public relations will also keep news site updated to keep inform the community about the current issues, updates and goals.   Public relation program will handled all media related inquires, it regularly updates about recent research carried out in the faculty, promote inter-colleges sports and workshops, other promotional programs in the community and many other activities on the campuses.   Public relation facilitates inter-departmental, inter-community and social relations.   Assessment:   College athletic public relations goal is to develop such programs to maintain good public relations with the community and to promote student athletics sports, moral, physical, social and emotional growth. Such programs will keep individuals involve with creative activities and simultaneously promote their social relations with the community, a sense of responsibility and increase their morals.   Plan or board policy in relation to an existing public relations/marking plan or program One of the main purposes of the public relations is to let the students and community learn college rules and regulations and respect it in all circumstances in order to provide well-balanced education and creative skills.   Public relations board will responsible for making new guidelines and policies for people especially parents and guardians to keep them update of regulations and procedures.   Public relations board will develop such policies in order to keep details of all programs and guidelines for the community, guardians and students. The policies must define and update the student’s and communities needs. It must also prepare information regarding programs to give student and guardians full information. Evaluation: According to a recent research (Parry and Hayden, 1993) postgraduate students benefit from the program only when these students are paid attention separately, faculty and departmental staff clearly verify the assistance these students should receive. For recruiting more students in postgraduate program following strategies are needed to be implemented in the new curricula. These strategies are formed after careful analysis of the problems that were faced by the students, which were causing decline in students’ strength in the university. Creative ideas were generated to find out various possible number of solutions for the prevailing problems.   Recruitment and selection of students   There is a need to develop a unique workable policy for accommodating minimum or maximum number of students in the postgraduate program on the basis of preferred recruitment practices and on the university standards to recruit students per class.   There is also a need to start scholarships for students who are unable to pay their full fee.   Technical expertise and competencies in their language should be considered mandatory prior to admission.   Apart from quantitative analysis of students’ recruitment, university should also consider the qualitative approach to recruit students. Thus, admitting those students who are skillful and eligible for the program. And who will prove to be good in giving out results, thus, improving the standards of university in terms of qualitative education.   Audit of an existing safety or crisis prevention plan Staff and supervisors All staff and supervisors should be highly qualified and experienced. Per supervisor and staff, students allocated should be evaluated. Number of supervisor allocated per faculty should be evaluated New developmental strategies for students, supervisors and staff For every student there should be a clear statement for the academic mission of the university and department, research achievements, focus of teaching at the university, discipline rules that are to be followed. Every student should have a clear idea about departmental activities, social and intellectual prospects, facilities, resources, services, support, research facilities, and other procedures. In addition, there should be accommodation facilities, offices for mail typing, laboratory space, technical support, research equipment, computerized infrastructure, photocopying, library facilities, telephone, email and facsimile facilities, research grants and paid work. All above mentioned facilities should be publicized among undergraduate students, who might get interested in taking admission in postgraduate. Recent research showed that postgraduate students find various elements useful such as outline of the research they are taking, opportunity to meet other postgraduates, academics, administrative, technical staff and faculty. Selection of topics should be made easy and should be in consistent with the research facilities and financial resources available in the department. Each student should be guided individually that how they have to conduct research. Each student should be encouraged to acquire specialist assistance in writing thesis, computing, analysis of data, researching in library and archives in the management database. Using recommended assessment techniques,    There should be regular meetings and discussions between the supervisors, other research students for keep check on the progress of work and new innovative ideas that research students might learn from each other. Each student should keep a record of his or her work. Similarly, each supervisor should keep record of their supervision to avoid any misunderstanding between student and the supervisor. There should be brief records of meetings, discussions, deadlines set for the accomplishment of certain task or research work, notes on advice provided to each student, photocopies of other important notes, drafts and student diaries. Working relationship with other students should be kept in harmony. Students should have opportunities to mix socially with other departmental students. There should be network of students to get mixed with each other and learn each other problems, research and learning abilities. Progress of each student should be completely checked. There should be a definite policy to monitor the continuous progress of students. There should be new developmental policies to provide financial assistance for research and other postgraduate students. Each student should keep participating in conferences, seminars and colloquia for sharing their knowledge with other research scholars of the same fields. Create an assessment tool to evaluate a program,    The program’s success depends on individual outcomes, hence, it is important to judge whether these outcomes are worthwhile or just achieved. The desired outcomes of this program are listed below. It will improve motor skills of a student and he would improve his locomotive and perceptual motor skills The program will enhance their learning and memorizing capability. A student will be able to give more attention to his studies. The student will develop better social relations. He would be better off in school and at home. Student’s emotional and psychological development will improve. Emotional problems are usually correlated with his physical, social and cognitive development. But as his cognitive, social and physical development enhances, his emotional development will improve. The program will improve quality of education at school. The student after being trained will have better skills to interact with his environment and will yield better results. The program is cost effective and will safe cost of future problems that may arise due to lack of education and training at this age. The program will speed up student’s cognitive development. The program is not offered for a specific need but it will improve overall development and generalized needs of a student. Teachers and trainers will find it easier to train through this program rather than typical way of teaching. â€Å"Building and modeling caring relationships is crucial to the preservice teachers capacity to receive curricular content and their ability to teach that content to young student.† (Lake, Jones, Dagli, 2004) The program would be able to preserve social and morel values through better education and training of a student. As student are major and most crucial beings in transmitting such values. The program protects student’s right to live and develop to their full potential while benefiting from the environment. References    Lake, Jones, Dagli (2004) Handle With Care: Integrating Caring Content in Mathematics and Science Methods Classes. Journal of Research in Childhood Education Vol. 19, Nos. 1 2, Fall 2004 and Winter 2004 Parry, S. and M. Hayden. 1993. Supervising Higher Degree Research Students. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.

Stuff :: essays research papers

Since its first documented use in 1943, lysergic acid diethylmide, or LSD, has grown to be one of the most potent and controversial drugs in society today. The ways in which LSD produces its effects within the brain is still unknown, and no practical use has been found for it. However, this substance has been described to give incredible insight and revelation to some of those that have taken it, although others have had frightening and nightmarish experiences. LSD is an unpredictable and possibly dangerous substance, but can and has changed the lives of many. A Swiss chemist named Dr. Albert Hoffman first produced lysergic acid diethylmide –or best Known as LSD in 1938 (Dye, p. 2). Hoffman discovered the drug while trying to synthesize a new drug for the treatment of headaches. He obtained the lysergic acid from the parasitic fungus that grows on rye plants known as ergot. From the lysergic acid, he synthesized the compound LSD. He used the compound to test for its pain killing properties on laboratory animals. Being that appeared totally ineffective, the bottle of LSD was placed on a shelf and remained untouched for five years. On April 16, 1943, Dr. Hoffman decided to do further research with the LSD compound (Dye, p. 5). While handling the drug, he accidentally ingested an unknown amount. Then he experienced the world’s first LSD trip. About eight hours later Hoffman drifted back into normal reality and the Psychedelic Revolution was born. Three days later, in an attempt to prove that the previous episode was indeed caused by the ingestion of LSD, Dr. Hoffman ingested what he thought would be a small quantity of LSD, 250 micrograms. In actuality, this is approximately five times the dosage necessary to produce heavy hallucinations in the average adult male (Solomon, p. 34). The drug produced effects that were much more intense than the first time Hoffman took the LSD. He noted that he felt unrest, dizziness, visual disturbances, a tendency to laugh at inappropriate times, and a difficulty in concentration (Dye, p.7). Dr. Hoffman’s condition improved six hours after taking the drug, although visual disturbances and distortion continued. LSD was first shipped to the United States in 1949 (Solomon, p. 54). American scientists tested LSD on animals to learn of its effects. It produced dramatic behavior changes in all animals investigated. During the 1950’s, experimentation of LSD on humans began (Solomon, p.

Benedick and Beatrice in “Much Ado About Nothing” Essay

One of the most important aspects in â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing† is the story of love. It is often the basis for what transpires throughout the play and can most easily be seen through the relationships between Hero and Claudio, and Benedick and Beatrice. During the play the reader learns a lot about these couples as well as how they possess some of the same relationship traits whilst still seeing the obvious disparities between them. Benedick and Beatrice represent a â€Å"love/hate† relationship. They share many things in common and both are cynical of love and marriage. They are witty intellectual and not at all shy, which leads to many wars of words between them. In the beginning of the novel, the hate between this eventual couple is evident. Beatrice says to Benedict, â€Å"I wonder that you will still be talking, Signor / Benedict. Nobody marks you†. Benedict comes back with, â€Å"What, my dear Lady Disdain! Are you yet / living?†. Although Beatrice and Benedict may have no idea; the fact that they love each other must be evident to the rest of the characters. Otherwise, their friends and family would not have tricked them into admitting their love. Claudio and Hero represent a more romantic relationship. Claudio finds himself in love with Hero upon coming back from battle and he is not ashamed to admit his love for her. â€Å"I would scarce trust myself, though I had sworn the contrary, if Hero would be my wife†. This leads to Don Pedro assisting in Claudio’s proposal and gaining Leonato’s acceptance. Claudio and Hero’s love is mostly based on looks, since they did not know one another very well before Hero accepts Don Pedro’s proposal to marry Claudio. The fact that they don’t know each other means that there is little trust between them and this is exploited when Hero is accused of being unfaithful. Claudio is also extremely gullible and jealous and that is why he shames Hero at their first wedding. Although there are many differences between the two couples there are also some similarities. Both couples had to deal with obstacles that they would not have overcome without the help of others. Beatrice and Benedict would still be arguing if their friends did not trick them into thinking that they were in love with each other. They would not have realized that their  constant bickering with each other translated into loving emotions. Claudio and Hero’s relationship is broken when Hero is accused of being unfaithful but with the help of Dogberry and Verges, it is revealed that the accusations are not true. This allows Claudio to clear Hero’s name and marry her in the end. An obvious similarity between the relationships is that they both accomplish love.

Collagen and Extraskeletal Disorder

Osteogenisis imperfecta (OI) is â€Å"a rare genetic disorder of collagen synthesis associated with broad spectrum of musculoskeletal problems, most notably bowing and fractures of the extremities, muscle weakness, ligamentous laxity, and spinal deformities. † (Binder, 386). Other collagen-containing extraskeletal tissues, such as the sclerae, the teeth, and the heart valves are also affected to a variable degree. OI has a â€Å"common feature of bony fragility associated with defective formation of collagen by osteoblasts and fibroblasts. (Smith, 1983, 13) This disease, involving defective development of the connective tissues, is usually the result f the autosomal dominant gene, but can also be the result of the autosomal recessive gene. Spontaneous mutations are common and the clinical presentation of the disease remains OI is most commonly referred to as â€Å"brittle bones†, but other names include: fragilitas ossium, hypolasia of the mesenchyme, and osteopsathyrosis. Osteogenisis imperfecta is still not completely understood, and while there have been advances in diagnosing the disease, Osteogenisis imperfecta is the result of mutations In the mild dominantly inherited form of OI (type I), † a non-functional allele for the alpha 1 (I) chain halves ollagen synthesis,† (Smith, 1995, 169) and is largely responsible for the inheritance. Single base mutations in the codon for glycine causes lethal (type II) OI by wrecking the formation of the collagen triple helix. Types III and IV are the â€Å"less dram- atic outcomes of similar glycine mutations in either the alpha 1 (I) or the alpha 2(I) The clinical signs can be caused from defective osteoblastic activity and defective mesenchymal collagen (embryonic connective tissue) and its derivatives, such as sclera, bones, and ligaments. The reticulum fails to differentiate into mature collagen or the collagen develops bnormally. This causes immature and coarse bone formation The signs and symptoms of OI vary greatly depending on the type. The most commonly used classification is the Type I is the mildest form of OI and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The sclerae(middle coat of eyeball) is distinctly blue. Type I is broken down into IA and IB — the difference being whether dentinogenesis is present. IA has a life expectancy nearly the same as the general public. The physical activity is limited, and may appear to have no disability at all. The bones have a mottled or wormian appearance, forming small islands. Type II is lethal in utero or shortly there afterbirth. The survivors live from just a few hours to several months. The kayotypes of parents are usually normal. This type is broken down into three subgroups: IIA is characterized by a broad, crumpled femora and continuos rib beading, IIB by minimal to no rib fractures, and IIC by a thin femora and ribs with extensive fracturing. While in the uterus, there is poor fetal movement, low fetal weight, poor ossification of the fetal skeleton, hypoplastic lungs, the long bones of the upper and lower limbs are shortened or deformed, and the head is soft. Intrauterine fractures ccur, and parinatal death is usually from intracranial hemorrhage due to vessel fragility or respiratory distress from pulmonary hypoplasia. The bones and other tissues are extremely fragile, and massive injuries occur in utero or delivery. The ribs appear beaded or broken and the long Type III and IV are intermediate in severity between types I and II. Type III differs from I in its greater severity, and from IV in that it increases in severity with age. It can be inherited as either a autosomal recessive or dominant trait. The sclerae is only slightly bluish in infancy and white in adulthood, although the average life xpectancy is 25 years. Type IV is always dominant. With types III and IV multiple fractures from minor physical stress occurs leading to progressive and severe deformities. Kyphoscoliosis may cause respiratory impairment and predisposition to pulmonary infections. â€Å"Popcorn-like† deposits of mineral appear on the ends of long bones. The symptoms of OI tarde (types I, III and IV) can appear when the child begins to walk, and lessens with age. The tendency to fracture decreases and often disappears after puberty. Later in life, particularly during pregnancy and after menopause, more fractures occur. The bones are usually slender with short, thin cortices and trabeculae (fibers of framework), but can also be unusually thin. (Smith, 1983, 136) Narrow diaphysis of the long bones contributes to the fractures and bowing deformities. Scoliosis is common. The haversian cells are poorly developed. The bones lack minerals needed to form bone matrix. Epiphyseal fractures (end of the bone) results in deformities and stunted growth (dwarfism). Osteopenia, the decrease in bone mass, is symptomatic. Other signs of OI include hyperextensibility of the joints — double-jointedness– and abnormally thin, translucent skin. Discolored (blue-gray or yellow-brown) and malformed teeth which break easily and are cavity prone are found in patients Patients with OI have a triangular-shaped head and face, a bilaterally bulging skull, and prominent eyes with a wide distance between the temporal region. Hearing loss by the age of 30-40 is the result of the pressure on the auditory nerve because of the deformity of its canal in the skull, and the development of otosclerosis. Recurrent epistaxis (nosebleeds), bruising and edema (especially at the sight of fractures), difficulty tolerating high temperatures and mild hyperpyrexia are other symptoms. Thoracic deformities may impair chest expansion and the ability to effectively breath deeply and cough. (Loeb, 755) Patients are also more susceptible to infection. In assessing a patient data is needed about the genetic history and birth of the child, as well as a complete development assessment from birth. Vital signs are taken, and periods of increased heart and respiratory rate and elevated body temperature are note- worthy. Skin should be examined for color, elasticity, translucency, and signs of edema and bruising. A description of position and appearance of a child†s trunk and extremities and facial characteristics should be noted. The height of the child in terms of expected growth, signs of scoliosis or laxity of ligaments, and range of motion of the joints are all important. Sight and hearing should be tested since there are sensory problems associated with OI. The appearance of the sclerae and tympanic membranes and defects of primary teeth and gums are important. (Jackson, X-rays usually reveal a decrease in bone density. There is no consensus, however, as to whether the diagnosis can be made by microscopy of bone specimens. † (Isselbacher, 2112) DNA sequencing and incubating skin fiboblasts are two ways help diagnose OI. Prenatal ultrasonography is used to detect severely affected fetuses at about 16 weeks of pregnancy. Diagnosis of the lethal type II by ultrasound during the second trimester of pregnancy is by the identification of fractures of the long bones. Compression of the fetal head is seen by ultrasound probe, and low echogeneity of the cranium can be signs of skeletal dysplasia (faulty development of the tissues). Diagnosis is confirmed by postmortem examination including radiography and biochemical studies of cultivated fibroblasts from the fetus. (Berge, 321) Diagnosis by analyzing DNA sequencing can be carried out in chronic villa There is no known treatment of OI at this time. Treatment therefore is predominantly supportive and educational. Because of multiple fractures and bruising, it is important to diagnose this disease in order to prevent Treatment of fractures is often challenging because of abnormal bone structure and laxity of the ligaments. Splinting devices are used to stabilize the bones and to protect against additional fractures. Treatment aims to prevent deformities through use of traction and/or immobilization in order to aid in normal development and rehabilitation. Limb deformities and repeated fractures can e corrected by intramedullary rods — telescoping rods that elongate with growth. After surgical placement of the rods, extensive post- operative care is required because greater amounts of blood and fluid are lost. (Loeb, 755) It should be noted that the healing of fractures appear to be normal. (Isselbacher, 2112) Braces, immobilizing devices and Physical therapy is important in the treatment of OI. Bone fracture density in unfractured bone is decreased when compared with age-matched controls due to limited exercise, so it is essential to stay as active as possible. Physical therapy is also used for strengthening muscle and reventing disuse fractures with exercises with light Regular dental visits are necessary to monitor the ogists for vision and audiologits for hearing is also essential. Radiologists need to examine the structure and density of the bones, and an orthopedist is needed to set fractures and take care of other bone related problems. Counseling and emotional support is needed for both the patient and the family. It is important not to limit a child because of his/her disabilities, and to realize that many victims of this disease live successful lives. Debrah Morris, a successful business woman, and active fighter for isability rights and helping other patients of OI, says, â€Å"If I had the choice to be anyone in the world, I would be exactly who I am. The people I have met, the challenges I have faced, the opportunities that I have been presented — all are directly related to dealing with being a little person with brittle bones. (Kasper, 53) Many of the symptoms of OI can be confused with those of a battered child. X-rays are used to show evidence of old fractures and bone deformities to distinguish the difference. The Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation (OIF) has is a national support group that offers assistance to families in this osition and to increase public awareness. The OIF has a medical advisory council, chapters, support groups, regional meetings, biennial national conferences, and parent contacts to help families feeling alone and helpless. They also publish a newsletter, provide literature and videos about OI, and sponsors a fund to support research. Magnesium oxide can be administered to decrease the fracture rate, as well as hyperpyrexia and constipation associated with this condition. (Anderson, 1127) A high-protein, high-carbohydrate, high-vitamin diet is needed to promote healing. A growth hormone has also been dministered during childhood, and is shown to substantially increase growth. Treatment with bisphosphorates and related agents has been discussed to decrease bone loss, but no controlled studies have been done. Isselbacher, 2113) Since there is no cure for oseogenesis imperfecta, appropriate and properly timed rehabilitation intervention is of the utmost importance to ensure that the child is able to function to the best of his/her ability in society. A ten year study that was submitted in 1992 proves this. 25 of 115 children with severe OI were observed since birth or infancy at the National Institutes of Health, MD and the Skeletal Dysplasia Clinic at the Children†s National Medical Center in D. C. One was Type I, two Type II, nine Type III, and thirteen Type IV. They were classified by physical characteristics and functional Group A consisted of those who were severely dwarfed with large heads and marked bowing , contractures, and weakness of extremities. The highest functional skill expected was independent sitting. Group B was growth deficient, but with a normal sized head. Femoral bowing, scoliosis, and contractures of the hip flexors were characteristics. they were expected to stand and/or ambulate with braces. Group C were less growth deficient, and had good strength, but poor endurance. They had marked joint laxity and poorly aligned lower extremity joints, but Group A patients were the most severely involved. Most were basically sitters. The majority were totally dependent in their self care. Group B had the potential to become at least short-distance ambulators. These patients had acquired the ability to move to sitting, but had transitional moving problems, such as sitting to standing. ially independent in their self care. Group C had antigravity strength and 50% had good strength in their extremities. All were physically active and age-appropriately independent, but none were good long-distance walkers. Binder, 387-388) Progressive rehabilitation of these groups all included posture exercises and active range of motion and strengthing exercises. Group B had additional ROM and posture exercises, as well as Developmental exercises. Group C added coordination activities. Conclusion, â€Å"Management of patients with OI should address the child†s functional needs. Even though the degree of disability may be severe, management should not be limited to orthopedic procedures and bracing. Treatment lanning should be considered, but not totally based on genetic, anatomical, and biochemical abnormalities. Our ence suggests that clinical grouping based in part on functional potential can be useful in the appropriate management of children with OI. â€Å"(Binder, 390) Independence was stressed in this study, and even patients with limited sitting ability, upper extremity function can be improved to at least minimal independence in self-help skills. Potential ambulators should be helped because, although their ability might not progress past indoor ambulation, walking will make them more independent and may result in ncreased bone mineralization. Poor joint alignment, poor balance, and low endurance can all be improved with persistent, individualized physical and occupational therapy. For best results, therapy should be started as soon after birth as possible. Mainstreaming school aged children is also important. All of this together leads to â€Å"age-appropriate social development and markedly improved independence and quality of life in the majority of Osteogenesis imperfecta is the most common genetic disorder of the bone. It occurs in about 1 in 20,000 live births, and is equally prevalent in all races and both sexes. The Type I OI has a population frequency of about 1 in 30,000. Type II has a birth incidence of about 1 in 60,000. Types III and IV are less common and may be as high as 1 in 20,000. (Isselbacher, 2111) The occurrence of OI in families with no history or blue sclerae is about 1 in 3,000,000 births. (Smith, 1995, 171) The recurrence risks in families is estimated to be 6 to 10%, but is only estimated because most couples choose not to have any more children. 15 to 20% of patients with OI do not carry the gene for abnormal collagen, making many wonder if there is yet another genetic problem undiagnosed at this time.